Chevron Research Company

Gordon E Langlois

Paul W Tamm

Heinz P Weber

A continuous process is disclosed for the retorting of shale and other similar hydrocarbon-containing solids of a broad particle size distribution in which the solids to be retorted are introduced into an upper portion of an elongated vessel with a solid heat transfer material at an elevated temperature. The hydrocarbon-containing solids and heat transfer material, a portion of each being fluidized, pass downwardly through the retort under substantially plug-flow conditions, countercurrent to an upwardly flowing stripping gas. Retorted solids and heat transfer material are withdrawn from the bottom of the retort vessel and a product stream of hydrocarbon vapors mixed with stripping gas is recovered overhead.

Staged turbulent bed retorting process

Disclosed is a process for the retorting of shale and other similar hydrocarbon-containing solids in which the solids to be retorted are mixed with a solid heat transfer material to rapidly heat the hydrocarbon-containing solids to a high temperature. The shale and heat-transfer material are entrained in a high-velocity gaseous stream and conveyed upward in a vertical dilute phase lift pipe retorting vessel whereby the hydrocarbon-containing solids are rapidly heated to an elevated temperature vaporizing a minor portion of the hydrocarbons in the solid. The hydrocarbon-containing solids then pass into a disengaging zone wherein the gas and solids are separated. The partially retorted solids then pass into a gravitating bed retort and flow downward countercurrent to the flow of a stripping gas. The process is characterized by a high liquid yield and a minimum gas yield along with minimal amounts of volatile components being left in the retorted solids.

Shale retorting process

A method is provided for impregnating a water-sensitive solid containing micropores, being substantially free of pores having a diameter above 1000 A., and comprising at least one metal oxide with a water-soluble material, said micropores containing a substantially water-insoluble gas, which comprises:

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Lafayette, CA, United States of America

Gordon E Langlois