Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche

Consiglio Nazionale Delle Richerche

Giuseppe Salvetti

Elpidio Tombari

Fabio Papucci

Carlo Ferrari

Luca Bernazzani

Maria Rosaria Tine

Roberto Ambrosetti

Domenico Ricci

Enrico Matteoli

Alessandro Barbini

Stefano Veronesi

Mario Cassettari

Luciano Lepori

Luca Gasperini

A structure of calorimeter provides a calorimetric head () comprising a calorimetric cell () suitable for receiving a sample holding container () containing a sample () to examine. The cell () is arranged according to a first shield (), or active shield. Outside the active shield () a second shield (), or dynamical shield is present, which comprises a cylindrical hollow body arranged around the active shield () for all its length in order to provide a space () of determined size. Outside the active shield a thermal bath is present (not shown) at a temperature lower than the first and the second shield (). The dynamic shield () allows an effective adjustment of the heat flux through the active shield () during calorimetric measures by limiting the heat flux same. In fact, in operative conditions the dynamic shield acts as thermal flywheel and keeps constant the heat flux coming from the active shield (). More in detail, the presence of the dynamic shield () ensures the reduction of the temperature gradient on the active shield () and then on the cell () containing the sample (). Furthermore, by keeping the dynamic shield () at a suitable temperature difference from the active shield (), the temperature can be controlled with much less electric power than it would be necessary if the active shield () exchanged heat directly with the thermal bath.

Low cost multimode calorimeter

The calorimeter comprises an external accommodating head (23) with two cavities (26, 27) which are capable of receiving a measurement cell (29), in which the specimen to be examined is inserted, and a reference cell (31); the cells (29, 31) are surrounded by a thermoresistor (229), the variation of the resistance of which is determined by a temperature variation, and a heater (129). The two cavities (26, 27) are closed by covers (35, 37) traversed by tubular stems (47-49) capable of supporting the cells (29, 31) for the insertion, into one of them, of a specimen contained in a tubular container (53), which is immersed in a chamber (29A) in which a fluid having high thermal conductivity is present; said cavities (26, 27) are reached by conduits (41, 43; 45) so as to be subjected to vacuum or to controlled pressure using replaceable gases (air, hydrogen, etc.).

Calorimeter for time/temperature measurements of thermosetting resins

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San Giuliano Terme, Italy

Giuseppe Salvetti