Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft

Gernot Kohler

Herbert Naarmann

Petr Simak

Walter Heckmann

Johannes Schlag

Volker Muench

Rainer Bittihn

Johann Nickl

Dieter Nagele

A polymer electrode having a thickness which is distributed among several superimposed thin film layers exhibits significantly higher area-specific capacity and current-carrying capacity. This layered arrangement is even more favorable when the thin layers are perforated. These measures are especially effective when the secondary element is operated with high currents.

Electrochemical secondary element with at least one polymer electrode

Polypyrroles are prepared by electrochemical polymerization, in particular anodic oxidation, of pyrrole alone or together with comonomers, in an aqueous electrolyte solvent which consists of not less than 50% by weight of water, in the presence of aromatic sulfonic acids and/or their salts as conductive salts. The process gives polypyrrole films which have good mechanical properties and high electrical conductivities.

Preparation of polypyrroles, and films obtained by this method

Highly electrically conductive copolymers of pyrroles and other heterocyclic compounds having a conjugated .pi.-electron system, which possess good mechanical properties coupled with a well-balanced spectrum of properties, are prepared by anodic polymerization of the pyrroles and other heterocyclic compounds and/or their dimers or oligomers in a polar solvent in the presence of a suitable conductive salt.

Electrically conductive pyrrole copolymers and their preparation

Finely divided electrically conductive pyrrole polymers are prepared by a process in which the pyrroles, in solution and in the presence of a conductive salt, are treated with an oxygen-containing oxidizing agent. The finely divided conductive pyrrole polymers can be used for the production of moldings.

Preparation of finely divided electrically conductive pyrrole polymers

In batteries or electrochemical stores, in particular secondary cells, the active material of the cathode and/or the anode consists of one or more electrically conductive polymers which have an electrical conductivity greater than 10.sup.-2 Ohm.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 and contain electrochemically oxidizable and/or reducible redox groups which have a defined structure and are capable of forming two or more stable oxidation states which preferably are reversibly interconvertible.

Battery or electrochemical store based on electrochemically oxidizable

Air-stable, electrically conductive systems having conductivities greater than 1.times.10.sup.-3 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 are prepared by reacting a metal cation of an element of sub-group VII, VIII or I of the periodic table with a 1,9-substituted phenalene of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where X is O, NH, S, Se or Te and Y is OH, NH.sub.2 or SH, to give a metal chelate, and oxidizing this metal chelate by means of an organic electron acceptor. The electrically conductive systems can be used in the electrical industry for the production of solar cells and for converting and fixing radiation, for producing electric and magnetic switches and electrochemical stores, and for the antistatic treatment of plastics.

Preparation of electrically conductive systems from substituted

Electrically conductive polymeric systems having electrical conductivities greater than 10.sup.-4 S/cm are prepared by a method wherein a polyarylene compound which contains one or more chain members of the formula ##STR1## where n is greater than 1, preferably from 5 to 50, R is a nitrile, acid amide, carboxyl or ester group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or a nitrile, acid amide, carboxyl or ester group, with the proviso that in each case one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is a nitrile, acid amide, carboxyl or ester group, and Y is an aromatic radical, preferably phenylene, is doped, in the absence of moisture and oxygen, with from 0.03 to 0.9 mole percent of an electron-attracting or electron-donating complexing agent. The resulting electrically conductive polymeric systems are useful in the electrical industry for the production of solar cells, for converting and fixing electromagnetic radiation and for the production of electrical and magnetic switches and electrical storage devices, and can be used for the antistatic treatment of plastics.

Preparation of electrically conductive polyarylene compounds having

Polypyrrole films are produced by electrochemical polymerization of a pyrrole, or a mixture of a pyrrole with other comonomers, in an electrolyte solvent in the presence of a conductive salt, by a continuous process wherein the pyrrole polymer is deposited in the form of a film on anodic material which has a sheet-like structure and is passed continuously through the electrolyte solution. As shown in FIG. 1, this procedure can be carried out in an electrolysis vessel (1) which contains the electrolyte solution (2), a cathode (3) which dips into this solution, and, as the anode, a rotating cylindrical roller (4) which is partially or completely immersed in the electrolyte solution (2); the polypyrrole film (6) is deposited on the anodic surface (5) of the cylindrical roller (4), and is subsequently removed therefrom.

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Ludwigshafen, Germany

Gernot Kohler