Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Gerhard Muller

Kurt Bodenbenner

Gunther Sell

Alexander Bauer

Heinrich Muller

Gerhard Leistner

Horst Bennoit

Helmut Perkow

Friedhelm Zorn

Process and apparatus for separating off suspended matter from liquids

In a process for the biological purification of waste water by mixing a sludge-water mixture and air in an activation chamber charged continuously with waste water, activated sludge and air and from which an equivalent quantity of sludge-water mixture is discharged, the sludge-water mixture is guided along with the air in the activation chamber so as to define at least one loop shape motion. In a further embodiment of the process that part of the sludge-water mixture that does not continue its loop shape course is submitted to a biological after-reaction, preferably occurring in the activation chamber, while avoiding backmixing with the mixture in loop shape motion.

Process for the biological purification of waste water

In a device for gassing liquids or suspensions, a first guide means is located at a short distance, opposite the orifice of a jet pipe. This guide means is supported via a gas inlet on a second guide means. The first guide means provided can be a cone and the second guide means can be a truncated cone which merges into a disc-shaped annular zone.

Device for gassing liquids or suspensions

When explosive gases are introduced into a combustion chamber care must be taken that no pre-ignition occurs. To this end, the gas is spatially subdivided into discrete volume elements, for example by means of a bundle of tubes having an internal diameter which does not exceed twice the quenching distance of the explosive gases. Such a division ensures that the wall distances of the gas portions of one volume element are greater than their quenching distances.

Process and device for the introduction of explosive gases into a

A device for the biological purification of waste water and for the degasification and clarification of a sludge-water mixture resulting from the biological purification includes a reactor container defining a chamber, means for introducing air, waste water and activated sludge into the chamber and means for discharging overflowing sludge-water mixture from the reactor container (activation chamber). A guide element is disposed within the chamber for maintaining a loop-shaped flow therein. A section of the wall of the reactor container is surrounded by a jacket, the lower end of which is joined to the periphery of the wall of the reactor container intermediate its ends and the upper end of which is substantially concentric to and spaced outwardly from the container; the lower portion of the jacket may have an inverted frusto-conical configuration; the jacket defines with the reactor container an annular space around the container, a portion of said space being adapted for settling of sludge out of the sludge-water mixture overflow. An inlet element and a discharge trough are arranged about the reactor container. The overflow from the reactor container discharges into the inlet element and passes via outlet means to the settling portion of said annular space, wherein sludge separates from effluent of the sludge-water mixture. Effluent from the mixture passes into the discharge trough for removal via another outlet means from the apparatus.

Device for the biological purification of waste water

The invention provides a process for the regeneration of dilute sulfuric acid containing organic impurities and possibly also inorganic salt in several steps. In the first step, the dilute acid is concentrated by indirect heat exchange with the vapors of the second step, and in the second step it is concentrated by direct heat exchange with a countercurrent mixture of steam and acid vapors coming from a third step. In this third step, the acid discharged from the second step is mixed in direct heat exchange with superheated steam. The regenerated sulfuric acid is separated from this mixture and the remaining steam/vapor mixture is forwarded to the second step. In the case where the dilute acid contains organic substances, an oxidant is added in at least one of these process steps.

Process for regeneration of sulfuric acid

A two step process for concentrating and desalting dilute sulfuric acid including, first indirectly countercurrently contacting and heating the dilute acid with steam from a second step, removing overhead water vapor and withdrawing concentrated acid, and second further concentrating the acid by directly countercurrently contacting and heating the acid with superheated steam, removing overhead steam and additional water vapor, which is used in the first heating step. Acid of a higher concentration is withdrawn and cooled to crystallize and remove salts and the more highly concentrated sulphuric acid recovered.

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Kelkheim, Germany

Gerhard Muller