Leybold-heraeus Gmbh

Leybold Aktiengesellschaft

Gerhard Bruckmann

Felix Muller

Alok Choudhury

Otto W Stenzel

Ulrich Hensgen

Detley Schlebusch

Johann Kemmer

Apparatus for the detection and evaluation of process parameters arising during the remelting of an electrode (31) to a metallic block (32) in a vacuum arc furnace detects deviations of at least one process parameter from a predetermined course and uses them to locate faults in the electrode and/or in the metal block (32).

Fault detection during remelt of electrodes into blocks

Process for melting down and degassing lumpy material by means of inductive heating and under subatmospheric pressure in a melting crucible. For the purpose of shortening the duration of the process, scavenging gas and/or reaction gas is introduced into the bottom region of the melting crucible during at least 50% of the duration of the process until the material is melted down completely.

Process for melting down and degassing lumpy material

Method for the electroslag refining of metals of which at least 50 weight-percent are in the form of at least one current-carrying consumable electrode, especially one having alloy components with an affinity for oxygen, wherein the metals are remelted to an ingot through a molten bath of slag. To achieve the object of preventing oxidation, freckling, rings and white spots and at the same time produce a degassing, the following measures are undertaken: (a) the refining process is performed at a subatmospheric pressure, (b) the slag is an at least 80 weight-percent oxidic slag of oxides whose boiling points are above 2000.degree. C., and (c) the slag is heated by means of alternating current.

Method for the electroslag refining of metals, especially those having

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Asslar, Germany

Gerhard Bruckmann