Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Sun Micosystems, Inc.

Gerard A Wall

James Gregory Hanko

J Duane Northcutt

Alan T Ruberg

Lawrence Llewelyn Butcher

Navin Chaddha

Neil C Wilhelm

Benjamin H Stoltz

Brian Joseph Gillespie

Robert A Doolittle

Aniruddha Mitra

The invention provides a central office metaphor to computing, where features and functions are provided by a one or more servers and communicated to an appliance terminal through a network. Data providers are defined as 'services' and are provided by one or more processing resources. The services communicate to display terminals through a network, such as Ethernet. The terminals are configured to display data, and to send keyboard, cursor, audio, and video data through the network to the processing server. Functionality is partitioned so that databases, server and graphical user interface functions are provided by the services, and human interface functionality is provided by the terminal. Communication with the terminals from various services is accomplished by converting disparate output to a common protocol. Appropriate drivers are provided for each service to allow protocol conversion. Multiple terminals are coupled to the network. Users can enable their unique session at any one of the terminals by inserting a 'smart card' into a card reader. Removing the card disables the session. Re-inserting the card into the same or any other terminal re-enables the session.

Computer architecture having a stateless human interface device and methods of use

A method and apparatus for decoding signals received from a network and distributing the decoded signals to multiple users. A bulk decoder coupled to a network decodes data received from the network and transmits the decoded data to an interconnect for distribution to a plurality of users. The number and type of bulk decoders may be adjusted in accordance with system load.

Shared decoder

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for improving the utilization of a resource in a shared client computer environment. The invention overcomes the problem inherent in using traditional computer programs on a shared client, by monitoring the status of an application, determining when an application does not need a resource, and causing the application to stop consuming the resource. In one embodiment, resource consumption is not halted, but the application is caused to use less of the resource. The invention detects when a user has stopped interaction with an application. This can occur, for instance, when the user removes an identifier from the end user terminal. When the user interaction stops, the invention has a mechanism to stop a program from consuming resources (or to reduce its resource usage) and to restart it (or return it to its original state) later. The invention further includes a procedure for stopping or reducing the resource usage of the application when the user has stopped interacting with it, and to restart it when the user begins (or is capable of beginning) interaction with it. All this is done without modifying the application in any way.

Method and apparatus for improving utilization of a resource on a shared client

The present invention is for multi-screen session mobility between terminal groups. The invention uses a set of screen groups and a set of terminal groups to perform a mapping of the screen groups onto the terminal groups. Both the screen groups and the terminal groups have a geometry, which in one embodiment is defined by columns and rows. In cases where the number of columns in the screen group is less then or equal to the number of columns in the terminal group and where the number of rows in the screen group is also less then or equal to the number of rows in the terminal group, a first mapping scheme is employed. In cases where the number of columns in the screen group exceeds the number of columns in the terminal group or the number of rows in the screen group exceeds the number of rows in the terminal group, a second mapping scheme is employed. In one embodiment, the first mapping scheme maps the screen group directly onto the terminal group. In one embodiment, where the second mapping scheme is employed, screen flipping is used to allow a user to navigate within the terminal group where there are more screens than can be viewed at one time using the terminal group.

Multi-screen session mobility between terminal groups

A method and apparatus for providing distributed clip-list management. In an embodiment, an application maintains a local clip-list that identifies those portions of a remote frame buffer that are unambiguously associated with the given application, as well as those portions of the remote frame buffer which are disputed between the given application and one or more other applications. Applications may enforce a dispute policy with respect to writing image data to disputed regions of the frame buffer. Applications are able to write to the frame buffer asynchronously, without the use of a frame buffer lock. A clip manager maintains a global clip-list, and responds to messages from the applications by updating the global clip-list and informing those other applications of relevant changes to their own respective local clip-lists. The portions of an application's clip-list that have been previously claimed by other applications and which have not been acknowledged as lost by the other applications are referred to as disputed regions. Each application is kept informed about its current clip-list and any disputed regions within its current clip-list. The clip manager may be implemented as part of the window manager, or as a separate process. A policing process may be implemented at or in line with the frame buffer to ensure that an application does not write to portions of the frame buffer that have been granted to another application. The operations of the policing process are coordinated by the clip manager.

Method and apparatus for providing distributed clip-list management

The invention is a method and apparatus for synchronizing firmware associated with a first computer device and a second computer device, such as a server and a client computer. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of providing information regarding a characteristic of the firmware associated with the first and second devices, comparing the provided firmware information to determine if the firmware is synchronized, and associating new firmware with the second device to synchronize the firmware if the firmware is found to not be synchronized in the comparing step. In one or more embodiments of the invention, the firmware associated with the second device is not modified unless the integrity of the firmware to be installed on the second device is verified using a digital signature.

Method and apparatus for synchronizing firmware

A method and apparatus for adaptably providing data to a virtual desktop system is described. The computational service provider is configured to prepare and transmit one or more data streams through a viable interconnection fabric to multiple HIDs. The data stream is configured by the computational service provider to adaptably meet the performance needs of the HID receiving the data stream. This enables multiple HIDs to receive variants of the same data stream that may differ in quantity, quality, and/or data format. In one embodiment of the invention, a decode module prepares data for transport by separating decoded data into individual processes. Before a HID may connect to a process the HID is authenticated. The processes are further adjusted by a resource optimization module to take into account the characteristics of each HID requesting access. The resource optimization module also takes into account the characteristics of the interconnection fabric coupling the HID and the computational service provider.

Method and apparatus for adaptably providing data to a network environment

A method for displaying color values in a plurality of images on a display screen in a computer graphics system, wherein the images correspond to a plurality of applications. The graphics system includes a primary frame buffer for pixel values to be displayed in the images, and a plurality of colormap tables related to the images for providing color values to be displayed in the images. A pseudo frame buffer is provided for the applications to store source pixel values for display in the corresponding images. To display the source pixel values in the pseudo frame buffer, for each source pixel the graphics system performs the steps of: identifying the image corresponding to the source pixel value; selecting a colormap table corresponding to the identified image; using the source pixel value as an index to select a color value from the selected colormap table; and storing the selected color value as a pixel value in the primary frame buffer to be displayed. The primary frame buffer may be a pseudo frame buffer implemented in software for providing source data to an HID display through an interconnect.

Method and apparatus for colormapping

The present invention comprises a method and apparatus for detection motion in video in which frames from an incoming video stream are digitized. The pixels of each incoming digitized frame are compared to the corresponding pixels of a reference frame, and differences between incoming pixels and reference pixels are determined. If the pixel difference for a pixel exceeds an applicable pixel difference threshold, the pixel is considered to be &ldquo;different&rdquo;. If the number of &ldquo;different&rdquo; pixels for a frame exceeds an applicable frame difference threshold, motion is considered to have occurred, and a motion detection signal is emitted. In one or more other embodiments, the applicable frame difference threshold is adjusted depending upon the current average motion being exhibited by the most recent frames, thereby taking into account &ldquo;ambient&rdquo; motion and minimizing the effects of phase lag. In one or more embodiments, different pixel difference thresholds may be assigned to different pixels or groups of pixels, thereby making certain regions of a camera's field of view more or less sensitive to motion. In one or more embodiments of the invention, a new reference frame is selected when the first frame that exhibits no motion occurs after one or more frames that exhibit motion.

Method and apparatus for the detection of motion in video

Authentication and session management can be used with a system architecture that partitions functionality between a human interface device (HID) and a computational service provider such as a server. An authentication manager executing on a server interacts with the HID to validate the user when the user connects to the system via the HID. A session manager executing on a server manages services running on computers providing computational services on behalf of the user. The session manager notifies each service in a session that the user is attached to the system using a given HID. A service can direct display output to the HID while the user is attached to the system. When a user detaches from the system, each of the service's executing for the user is notified via the authentication manager and the session manager. Upon notification that the user is detached from the system, a service can continue to execute while stopping its display to the HID.

Method and apparatus for session management and user authentication

The present invention is a media interface unit that couples media input (e.g. cameras, microphones) to a network and can receive media input from a network and provide it to playback devices (e.g. monitors, speakers). The interface unit eliminates the need for a computer system when transmitting and receiving media data to and from the internet and other networks. The unit comprises analog audio and video inputs and outputs on one side, and a computer communications network interface on the other side. By coupling sources/sinks of audio/video to one side and by coupling the other side to a network, it is possible to send and receive audio and video data as though the digital communications network were the same as the cables typically used to transport analog audio and video. The invention functions as a multi-media network appliance.

Method and apparatus for providing multi media network interface

A software-based encoder is provided for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system that operates over heterogeneous networks. The encoder utilizes a scalable video compression algorithm based on a Laplacian pyramid decomposition to generate an embedded information stream. The decoder decimates a highest resolution original image, e.g., 640.times.480 pixels, to produce an intermediate 320.times.240 pixel image that is decimated to produce an intermediate 160.times.120 pixel image that is compressed to form an encodable base layer 160.times.120 pixel image. This base layer image is decompressed to form an image that is up-sampled by interpolation to produce an up-sampled 320.times.240 pixel image. This up-sampled image is subtracted from the intermediate 320.times.240 pixel image to form an error image that is compressed and encoded as a first enhancement 640.times.480 pixel layer. The decompressed base layer image is also up-sampled at step to produce an up-sampled 640.times.480 pixel image that is subtracted from the original 640.times.480 pixel image 200 to yield an error image that is compressed to yield a second enhancement 320.times.240 pixel layer. Collectively, the base and enhancement layers comprise the transmitted embedded bit stream. At the receiving end, the decoder extracts from the embedded stream different streams at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Because decoding requires only additions and look-ups from a small stored table, decoding occurs in real-time.

Software-based encoder for a software-implemented end-to-end scalable

The present invention provides a mass storage system suitable for incorporation in a video-on-demand server that is capable of detecting and correct errors without a substantial increase in processor capacity or memory buffer size, and without any increase in disk input/output (I/O) bandwidth. The mass storage system includes a server controller, a cluster of data disk drives and a parity drive associated with the cluster of data disk drives. The controller provides video data streams to a number of viewers. Data is stored as contiguous data strips in the cluster of data drives. Each data strip includes a plurality of contiguous data slices logically distributed across the cluster of data drives. A plurality of parity slices, each parity slice corresponding to each data strip, is stored in the parity drive. When the failure of one of the data drives is detected, the parity drive is read in place of the failed drive. Hence, all functional data drives are read along with the parity drive before the erroneous slice is needed. A replacement data slice is reconstructed from the parity slice and 'good' data slices. Alternatively, the data drives of the mass storage system are partitioned into multiple sub-clusters of data drives to minimize the impact of a failed drive. Accordingly, the mass storage system includes multiple parity drives, each parity drive associated with a sub-cluster of data drives. Such an arrangement is useful because data reconstruction is limited to the data slices and parity slices of the affected sub-cluster.

Server disk error recovery system

A software-based encoder is provided for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system that operates over heterogeneous networks. The encoder utilizes a scalable video compression algorithm based on a Laplacian pyramid decomposition to generate an embedded information stream. The decoder decimates a highest resolution original image, e.g., 640.times.480 pixels, to produce an intermediate 320.times.240 pixel image that is decimated to produce an intermediate 160.times.120 pixel image that is compressed to form an encodable base layer 160.times.120 pixel image. A decompressed base layer image is also up-sampled at step to produce an up-sampled 640.times.480 pixel image that is subtracted from the original 640.times.480 pixel image 200 to yield an error image. At the receiving end, the decoder extracts from the embedded stream different streams at different spatial and temporal resolutions. Because decoding requires only additions and look-ups from a small stored table, decoding occurs in real-time.

Growing community of inventors

San Jose, CA, United States of America

Gerard A Wall