Exxon Research and Engineering Company

University of Rochester

Exxonmobil Research and Engineering Company

Gerald M Halpern

Robert J Chimenti

Harry W Deckman

Bernie John Pafford

Hyogun Kim

Michael Paul Anderson

Patricia H Kalamaras

Maureen Iannucci

John G Dunsmuir

Robert J L Chimenti

The invention is a method to improve the prediction of the corrosivity of organic acids in petroleum crudes, feedstocks and distillation fractions by providing a more accurate, repeatable, and rapid means of determining the TAN from the IR spectrum of the material. The method can be easily practiced in refinery, terminal, and assay laboratories. It can be used in conjunction with models and hardware to optimize the usage and improve the valuation of corrosive feed stocks. The invention can be implemented on-line for blending optimization. It comprises the steps of irradiating a heated petroleum sample with IR radiation to produce its IR absorption spectrum, and predicting the TAN from the spectrum using a linear, multivariate regression model. The IR TAN value is then used as input to blending, valuation, and corrosion models.

Methods for optimal usage and improved valuation of corrosive petroleum feedstocks and fractions (law521)

The present invention is a method to determine the water content and/or total organic carbon content in a petrochemical stream including water, organic carbon and acid comprising irradiating a feed stream including an acid, water, and organic carbon, with optical radiation; determining the optical absorption of the feed stream for at least two selected wavelengths; and determining the weight percent of the water and/or organic carbon content from the optical absorption.

Optimization of acid strength and total organic carbon in acid processes

A method and system to optimize the acid strength and level of total organic carbon (TOC) of process streams in which specific hydrocarbons are extracted from hydrocarbon mixtures by sulfuric acid.

A method uses near-infrared radiation to optimize the removal or separation of normal paraffins from a kerosene feed stream. The absorptivity of a feed stream and/or sievate is determined for at least one near-infrared wavelength. The weight percent of the normal paraffins in the feed stream and/or sievate is determined from the absorptivity. The determined weight percent is used to control the removal or separation of normal paraffins from the kerosene feed stream.

Method to optimize process to remove normal paraffins from kerosine

Method and apparatus for optimizing the extraction of aromatics from waxy distillates and the dewaxing of waxy raffinates in the manufacture of lubricating oils.

Optimization of the process to manufacture dewaxed oil

The present invention is a method to determine the oil content of a waxy isomerate by NIR radiation which is then used to control the separation of oil from the waxy isomerate.

Method and system for controlling and optimizing isomerization processes

A method (and apparatus) is disclosed for the spectroscopic determination of the amount .alpha..sub.Nn of one constituent N of a fluid mixture 0 in another constituent n of the mixture, following separation of the mixture into its constituents 1,..., M (where n, N.ltoreq.M). The method involves determining the absorptivities an (n=1,...,N) of the M constituents from spectroscopic measurements and computing the amount .alpha..sub.Nn from a mathematical expression containing the absorptivities a.sub.n and a.sub.N which are expressed or expressible as the quotient a.sub.n /a.sub.N only. The method is insensitive to changes in the absorptivities due to feed variability or changes in upstream process conditions, since any changes in the numerator and denominator of the quotient used are affected correspondingly. A modification to the method involves determining the content .alpha..sub.N0 of constituent N in feed 0 from a mathematical expression containing a.sub.0, where a.sub.0 is the absorptivity of the feed 0, and a.sub.N, which absorptivities a.sub.0 and a.sub.N are expressed or expressible as the quotient a.sub.0 /a.sub.N only.

Spectroscopic determination of amount of one constituent of a fluid

Hollow shell laser fusion targets, such as glass microballoons, are filled with gases of the type which do not permeate through the wall of the balloon. A hole is laser-drilled in the balloon, a plug is placed over the hole and gas is introduced into the balloon through the loosely plugged hole. Thereafter the plug is melted to form a seal over the hole, entrapping the gas within the target. The plug is, for example, a polymer such as highly crystalline polystyrene, or glass.

Method for filling hollow shells with gas for use as laser fusion targets

Targets for high energy beams, such as laser beams, produced in laser fusion apparatus are described. The targets are porous spheres of deuterated hydrocarbon material, particularly deuterated polyethylene. The spheres are small and have diameters in the range of 50 to 300 microns. Higher neutron yields are obtained from these targets than from solid targets of similar materials, (viz., spherical targets of much higher density). Methods of fabricating the targets by forming them into solid spheres, cross linking their molecules and causing them to swell such that the resultant targets have a microscopically small sponge-like structure, are also described.

Targets which emit neutrons when irradiated by high energy beams and

Targets for high energy beams, such as laser beams, produced in laser fusion apparatus are described. The targets are porous spheres of deuterated hydrocarbon material, particularly deuterated polyethylene. The spheres are small and have diameters in the range of 50 to 300 microns. Higher neutron yields are obtained from these targets than from solid targets of similar materials, (viz., spherical targets of much higher density). Methods of fabricating the targets by forming them into solid spheres, cross linking their molecules and causing them to swell such that the resultant targets have a microscopically small sponge-like structure, are also described. These micro-sponge targets may be treated by being exposed to tritium gas so as to undergo tritium deuterium exchange which is of enhanced efficiency by virtue of their porous, sponge-like structure. The porous sponge-like targets of deuterated, tritiated material may be stored under liquid to enhance their stability by absorption of their own beta radiation.

Methods of fabricating microsponge deuterated initiated hydrocarbon

In order to assay the tritium fuel content in laser fusion targets and/or to measure the pressurization of laser fusion targets of the type which use deuterium and tritium (DT) gas mixtures, without destroying the targets, the flux of beta particles which emerges from the target is measured with the aid of a gas flow proportional counter. The count rates are related to the tritium content and the pressurization. The tritium content in terms of the mass of the tritium in the target can be derived from the counting rate.

Method for the non-destructive assaying of laser fusion targets

Targets for high energy beams, such as laser beams, produced in laser fusion apparatus are described. The targets are porous spheres of deuterated hydrocarbon material, particularly deuterated polyethylene. The spheres are small and have diameters in the range of 50 to 300 microns. Higher neutron yields are obtained from these targets than from solid targets of similar materials, (viz, spherical targets of much higher density). Methods of fabricating the targets by forming them into solid spheres, cross linking their molecules and causing them to swell such that the resultant targets have a microscopically small sponge-like structure, are also described.

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Bridgewater, NJ, United States of America

Gerald M Halpern