Thomson-csf

Thomson Tubes Electroniques

Georges Mourier

Daniel Kaplan

Georges Faillon

Bernard Epsztein

Paul Chavanat

Aaron Bensimhon

Philippe Boulanger

The invention is a mode converter and power splitter device for electron tubes, particularly gyrotrons and tubes of similar categories. These tubes have an output cavity 2, which is a circular form about a centerline, and a hollow electron beam 1 which propagates along the same centerline. The device complying with the invention is a structure which comprises secondary wave guides 6, symmetrical in azimuth around the same centerline as the outlet cavity, each guide 6 containing coupling apertures 7 on its outer wall (that furthest from the centerline), these apertures 7 being arranged to excite a given mode in the guide. One important embodiment of the invention is that the electron tube operates in a TE.sub.m,n mode with a high azimuth index m and the number of secondary guides 1=m. Another important embodiment of the invention is that secondary guides 6 are trapezoidal in section. Another important embodiment of the invention is that secondary guides 6 are excited in the fundamental mode. Another embodiment of the invention is that the secondary guides can include individual microwave windows 58 outside the electron tube. The invention may find application for plasma heating for thermonuclear fusion and particle accelerators.

Mode converter and power splitter for microwave tubes

Disclosed is a directional coupler on a mirror elbow for a microwave transmission line sized to convey very high power. The coupler consists of a main guide with a mirror elbow and at least one secondary guide. The secondary guide is joined by one of its walls to the external surface of the mirror, and the interior of the secondary guide is joined to the interior of the mirror elbow by coupling holes.

Directional coupler on mirror elbow for microwaves

Disclosed is a microwave tube with n (where n is an integer greater than one) longitudinal electron beams parallel to an axis XX'. It has at least one output cavity crossed by the electron beams and one collector collecting the n electron beams at their output from the cavity. A transmission line is coupled to the output cavity. The transmission line is coaxial with the axis XX'. The collector is positioned around the transmission line and is coaxial with it. The device can be applied to multiple-beam klystrons capable of working at high power and at high frequency.

Multiple-beam microwave tube with coaxial output and coaxial collector

Disclosed is a microwave tube with n (where n is an integer greater than one) parallel, longitudinal electron beams distributed on a ring centered on an axis XX'. The electron beams go through several groups of n cavities. So that each group may resonate on a single frequency, it is provided that the cavities of one and the same group will work in their dominant mode, at one and the same frequency, and will get excited in phase. To this end, the cavities of the input group are excited in phase by an appropriate device external to the tube. The device can be applied to multiple-beam klystrons working at high frequencies.

Multiple-beam microwave tube with groups of adjacent cavities

Mode transformer for microwave energy transmission circuit

A system of at least three concave mirrors (M1, M2, M3 . . . ) of cylindrical form are arranged with the concave part of the first mirror M1 facing towards the second mirror M2 and with the planes defined by the straight sections of the two mirrors which are perpendicular to each other. The arrangement further has the concave part of the third mirror M3 facing towards the second mirror M2 with the planes defined by the straight sections of the two mirrors M3, M2 perpendicularly to each other. Successive mirrors are placed in a crosswise fashion with respect to their nearest neighbor in order to provide for applications in the guiding of millimeter and sub-millimeter electromagnetic waves for plasma physics.

System of mirrors for guiding an electromagnetic wave

A trajectory correcting device for electron tubes comprises an auxiliary trajectory correcting means capable of creating a magnetic field that corrects the effects of azimuthal drift of the beam between a first disk and a second disk. This drift is due to the non-uniformity of the main field between the two disks. This means may include several coils, through which currents flow, placed in the vicinity of the disks or between them. The device can be applied to multibeam klystrons.

Trajectory correcting device for electron tubes

According to the invention, the conducting collector wall (23) on which the electrons are collected is surrounded by a coil winding (36) which is supplied with a periodically varying current, creating a slightly divergent axial magnetic field whose amplitude is periodically variable with time. The electron trajectories strike the collector wall at a grazing, nearly tangential angle, broadening the zone of impact, and the zone of impact is swept back and forth along the length of the collector, further spreading the power to be dissipated on a greater surface of the collector. Application to realization of very high power tubes or moderate power tubes with reduced collector dimensions.

Electron collector for electron tubes

A generator of short electromagnetic waves is provided with a novel form of resonant cavity having improved mode selectivity. The reflecting walls of the cavity correspond to a surface of revolution and the meridian planes include four discrete mirror zones which face each other and are positioned so that the centers of the mirror zones form the vertex of a polygon and the normals to said mirror zones at the centers are bisectors of the angles formed at the vertices of the polygon.

Electromagnetic energy generators having resonating cavity with

This transformer (9) is formed by a waveguide, of approximately elliptical cross-section, and with increasing eccentricity (e) along the axis (z) of the transformer. This transformer (9) is connected on one side to the cavity (1) of a gyrotron (11) and on the other side to a section of guide (13) having the same cross-section as the final cross-section of the transformer and of which the cross-section is constant along the axis (z) of the transformer. The transformer receives from the gyrotron cavity a complex mode, of TE.sub.on type, and changes said mode into a mode in which the electrical field is approximately parallel to a given direction (z). A system of two mirrors (M.sub.3 and M.sub.4) enables a single beam of plane waves (19) to be obtained from the two beams of plane waves (14 and 15) obtained at the output of the section of waveguide (13).

Microwave propagation mode transformer

A generator is provided based on an interaction of the cyclotronic type between an electron beam propagating between an electron gun and a collector and a high frequency electromagnetic field in a resonating structure. It is principally characterized in that the electron beam moves along a cycloidal path in a transverse magnetic field under the effect of a drift velocity created by a continuous electric field.

Radio electric wave generator for ultra-high frequencies

An electron beam device which includes a vacuum enclosure which houses an electron gun for producing an annular beam of helically rotating electrons, an iris-loaded waveguide which is supplied with high frequency power and serves to create a high frequency electromagnetic field along the axis of the beam which has a longitudinal electric field component along the beam axis, and a resonator which abstracts high frequency energy from the beam. A coil surrounds the vacuum enclosure to provide a magnetic field of increasing strength with distance downstream in the region of the iris-loaded waveguards whereby the angular velocity of the electrons in the beam is increased with little change in the axial velocity.

Electron accelerator and a millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave

A device is provided for injecting an electron beam propagating along an axis (x) in a cycloidal path under the action of a continuous electric field and a static magnetic field (B) perpendicular to the axis of propagation and to the electric field. The injection device comprises an electron gun placed in a weak magnetic field (B.sub.1) and means, placed in a magnetic field (B.sub.2) increasing progressively along the axis (x), for creating in this zone a continuous electric field having two components in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Electron beam injection device for an ultra-high frequency radio

An electron gun of the type comprising two electrodes facing each other and brought to different potentials so as to create therebetween a continuous electric field and a cathode positioned in the extension of the electrode at negative or zero potential and brought to the same potential as this latter, the assembly being subjected to a magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field. In the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, at least one of said electrodes has a divergent profile so that the distance between electrodes increases from the cathode towards the outside of the gun.

Ultra high frequency radio electric wave generators

This invention concerns a microwave generator. For the purpose of maintaining synchronism between the microwave and electrons, at high energy levels (e.g. 0.5 to 1 MeV), the first part of the generator comprises a cylindrical wave guide, the section of which increases in radius along the direction of propagation of the electron beam. Such generators can be used to obtain millimeter and submillimeter waves, with high transverse evergy (e.g. approximately 10 MeV).

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Paris, France

Georges Mourier