American International Technologies, Inc.

Adastra Technologies, Inc.

Other

Rpc Industries

University of California

George Wakalopulos

Robert A Hill

Dino R Ciarlo

Glenn A Meyer

Vladimir A Danilychev

Eugene R Peressini

Sherman R Farrell

Booth R Myers

Hao-Lin Chen

Eduardo R Urgiles

A resistive foil heater for a portable inhaler. A reservoir of vapor material, usually a fluid, has transport by the foil to directly heat the material to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the material to the gas phase. The foil may have a dimpled plate shape, or box shape, a capillary or parallel plate shape.

Electric wick and heater for portable vaporizer

A UV curing lamp has variable resistive ballast provided by at least one resistance alloy wire and a set of switches tapping varying positions along the resistance alloy wire. The variable resistance ballast defines the lamp's maximum operating power consistent with the power supply. The wire in combination with a fan also doubles as thermal ballast provided by air flowing across the wire onto the UV lamp. A detachable reflector in a generally parabolic cylinder shape directs light from the lamp located on the reflector's focal axis. The curing lamp with resistive ballast can be in the form of a handheld unit or as a floor unit with rotating lamps within the housing.

Hand held, high power UV lamp

A machine for applying ultraviolet light to curable coatings on floors and other wide area surfaces. A housing encloses rotating arms carrying UV lamps spinning about a central axis. Rotation is caused by reactive momentum from heated air jets coming from fans in barrels blowing air over heated wires, resembling hand held hair dryers, with the barrels supported under rotating arms. The heated wires are ballast for the lamps, providing thermal and electrical stability. The rotating lamps cover an annular pattern which, when advanced forwardly, becomes a linear swath, almost as wide as the housing. A floor, or similar surface, can be cured in a few minutes.

Jet driven rotating ultraviolet lamps for curing floor coatings

A moveable machine to rapidly apply and cure thin layers of a UV curable coating on a surface such as a floor. The machine has an applicator to apply a thin curable coating in a path following the direction of motion of the machine. The machine also has UV lamps to cure the curable coating with a curing beam that overlaps newly applied coating. The UV lamps emit an intense UV radiation beam creating an annular cure zone around the applicator path. Movement of the machine along with the ensuing movement of the applicator and rotating UV lamps causes the applied curable coating to be exposed to the annular cure zone and cured. This rapid curing of applicator coating paths allows the machine to be immediately passed over the cured area multiple times and rapidly build up multiple thin cured layers to achieve a thick coating.

Machine and method for rapid application and curing of thin ultraviolet light curable coatings

A light weight reflector structure for an axial UV lamp wherein a shell-like channel housing supporting spaced apart ribs that in turn support flexed reflective spars that take the shape of the ribs. A preferred shape for the ribs and spars is parabolic about the axial UV lamp so that a beam is formed and directed out of the channel housing. The spars have a gap partially blocked by a deflector spar for creating a tortuous path for air forced direct into a tunnel between the channel housing and the spars. Forced air swirls through the gap and cools both the lamp and the spars.

Gas cooled reflector structure for axial lamp tubes

A hand held UV lamp and beam generator has resistive ballast provided by a glowing wire and thermal ballast provided by heated air coming via the same hot wire. A detachable reflector housing has curved symmetric spars in a generally parabolic shape defining an axis with an elongated axially lamp at a focal line. Heated air flows through the spars heating the lamp in a start mode and cooling the lamp in a run mode. The lamp and beam generator is made from electrical components found in a household hair dryer.

An electron beam device wherein a low temperature gaseous plasma is generated in a chamber divided by two parallel wire grids. A semiconductor wafer serves as a cathode drawing ions from the plasma to impinge on the wafer, generating secondary electrons that are accelerated toward an anode on the opposite side of the grids where a target resides. In order to have a beam with uniform cross-sectional flux characteristics, the semiconductor wafer is doped with a graded dopant concentration that promotes a uniform beam.

Ion plasma beam generating device

One or more electron beam tubes are arranged to direct electron beams in air or other ambient gas toward a target object. The electron beams ionize air producing a plasma or glow discharge. An electric or magnetic field in the beam trajectory sustains the plasma by trapping secondary electrons formed by collisions of beam electrons with the ambient atmosphere. Target objects may be placed in the field for surface treatment, such as sterilization, or for thin film growth. In the latter case, the apparatus is enclosed in a housing and a reactive gas is introduced into the beam trajectory. The gas is one which is crackable by the electron beam or plasma, such as an organic silicon compound which would liberate silicon for combination with ionized oxygen to form silicon dioxide layers on a substrate.

Electron beam plasma formation for surface chemistry

A sterilization apparatus wherein one or more electron beam tubes are used to direct electron beams into an ambient gaseous environment to create an electron plasma cloud into which non-sterile target objects may be moved. The electron plasma cloud is formed by interaction of the electron beam with the ambient atmosphere. Helium or other like gaseous may be used to expand the effective volume of the electron plasma cloud. Manipulators are used to move target objects in the electron plasma cloud, exposing non-sterile surfaces to the cloud and then joining the surfaces together where appropriate. The beam tube used to generate the electron beam has a thin low energy absorbing window which allows relatively low energy beams to be used, minimizing damage to materials within the surface of the target objects.

Sterilization by low energy electron beam

A thin window that stands off atmospheric pressure is fabricated using photolithographic and wet chemical etching techniques and comprises at least two layers: an etch stop layer and a protective barrier layer. The window structure also comprises a series of support ribs running the width of the window. The windows are typically made of boron-doped silicon and silicon nitride and are useful in instruments such as electron beam guns and x-ray detectors. In an electron beam gun, the window does not impede the electrons and has demonstrated outstanding gun performance and survivability during the gun tube manufacturing process.

Rigid thin windows for vacuum applications

A modular electron beam device is disclosed, the device being housed in a modular enclosure containing a power supply subsystem coupled to provide power to an electron beam tube. The enclosure is shaped to permit stacking of plural such modular units in a way that the stripe-shaped beam emitted from each of the units completely irradiates a surface to be treated. Beams may lie on different lines but the combined beams sweep out a width on a surface which is a continuous span. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the modular unit comprises a plurality of electron beam units, each comprising an electron tube and a filament and bias supply to power the tube. A single high voltage stack is common to the plural tube/filament/bias sub-units. A daisy-chain arrangement allows for the single high voltage stack to power all of the tube units. In yet another embodiment, the modular unit comprises a plurality of electron tubes powered by a single power supply.

Apparatus and method for a modular electron beam system for the

An electron beam device has a cathode that generates a fan-shaped electron beam. A first focusing lens includes first and second plates on opposed sides of a filament. The edges of the plates closest to a positively charged anode are arcuate, so that as individual electrons are accelerated normal to the edge of the charged plates, the beam increases in length with departure from the filament. A second focusing lens includes third and fourth plates on opposed sides of the first focusing lens. Each of the third and fourth plates has an arcuate edge proximate to the positively charged anode. The plates of the first and second focusing lenses provide focusing in a widthwise direction, while defining the increase in the lengthwise direction. Preferably, the filament is also curved. In the preferred embodiment, the curvature of the plates of the first focusing lens defines a common radius with the plates of the second focusing lens. The electron beam may be projected from the interior of an evacuated tube and may have a length that is not limited by the length of the filament.

Cathode assembly for a line focus electron beam device

A vacuum tube electron beam device having a thin, single crystal, electron permeable, gas impermeable membrane for electron transmission and methods for making such a device. Single crystal membranes can have small thickness due to high strength, are highly transmissive to free electrons due to that small thickness. The ordered crystalline structure of such membranes provides minimal obstructions to electron beams, and yet is highly impermeable to penetration by gas and liquid molecules. Single crystals are anisotropically etched to precise membrane dimensions, and can also be etched to provide microchannel structures for flowing cooling fluid across the membrane during use. A doped silicon anode can provide support for the membrane with matching thermal expansion characteristics, and a crystalline anode can be integral with the membrane. A double membrane embodiment confines the cooling fluid so that it passes close to both membranes. A double membrane structure can also have a pressure between the membranes that is between the pressure within the vacuum tube and ambient pressure outside the vacuum tube, allowing the membranes to be thinner. The membrane can also be compressed for increased strength. A number of cooling methods are used to maintain the integrity of the membrane.

Electron beam device with single crystal window and expansion-matched

An electron beam device having a plurality of individual, electron permeable, gas impermeable windows can produce a broad beam of free electrons. A multiplicity of windows allows each of the windows to be stronger, yet thinner, for greater electron permeability and durability. Having multiple windows also allows each window to be formed as a single crystal film, which can have superior strength and electron permeability, and which is difficult to form in a large area and easy to damage when so formed. In addition, having multiple windows allows a window end of the device and the beam which exits from that end to have configurations not easily achieved with a single window. Should a pinhole develop in one of the windows, it may be possible to seal the pinhole and re-evacuate the device, thereby extending the lifetime of the device. A current monitor is used to determine whether the electron beam passes through the windows or is absorbed in a surrounding face plate. A microprocessor controls the intensity and direction of the beam, in combination with feedback from the current monitor, to direct the beam through the windows in a sequence.

Multiple window electron gun providing redundant scan paths for an

An array of electron beam tubes is mounted on a conductive plate for projecting stripe-like electron beams through air onto a substrate beneath the plate. The tubes each have a narrow beam window formed by a very thin low-Z film layer, supported by silicon and sealing the tube against ambient pressure. Such windows produce low beam attenuation and allow low extraction voltages to be used, thereby reducing beam energy which would otherwise be lost by penetration through a surface to be treated. The stripe-like output electron beam segments may be formed into a linear beam track so that the entire widthwise extent of a surface, such as a sheet or web, may be treated by electron beam irradiation or the beam segments may be formed into any desired composite beam pattern. In another embodiment the stripe-like output beam segments may be arranged in an array to treat a circular circumferential surface, such as a cable.

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Pacific Palisades, CA, United States of America

George Wakalopulos