Joslin Diabetes Center, Inc.

Autoimmune Inc.

Other

Immulogic Pharmaceutical Corporation

George S Eisenbarth

Howard L Weiner

David A Hafler

Massimo Pietropaolo

Zhengyi Zhang

Steven E Shoelson

Zhengi Zhang

Luis Castano

Roberto Gianani

A 69 kD protein, designated PM-1, is expressed in human pancreatic islet cells and a human insulinoma. The amino acid sequence of the protein has been determined. Autoantibodies to the PM-1 protein have been found in sera of prediabetic patients. Natural, synthetic or recombinant forms of the PM-1 protein can be used in immunochemical assays to detect anti-PM-1-autoantibodies and to identify patients at risk of developing diabetes.

Antigen associated with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Disclosed herein are methods for treating or preventing a disease in mammals having the characteristics of Type 1 diabetes comprising administering insulin or disease suppressive fragments of insulin or analogs thereof in oral or aerosol dosage forms to said mammals. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical formulation or dosage forms for use in the methods.

Method of treating or preventing Type 1 diabetes by oral administration of insulin

Antigen associated with Type I diabetes mellitus

Antigen associated with type I diabetes mellitus

Method of treating or preventing Type 1 diabetes by oral administration

Method of treating or preventing type 1 diabetes by oral administration

A therapeutic agent that includes a purified peptide bound to a cytotoxic moiety, the peptide being specifically reactive with human insulin autoantibodies and non-reactive with human insulin cell surface receptor, is disclosed.

Peptides having insulin autoantibody but not insulin receptor binding

Two subsets of Islet Cell Autoantibodies (ICA), termed restricted and non-restricted, have been identified. The expression of non-restricted ICA correlates with progression to type I diabetes, indicating that these individuals are at much greater risk than are individuals expressing restricted ICA. Differentiation between restricted or non-restricted ICA allows for more accurate prognosis of the development of type I diabetes. Restricted ICA react with beta cells of human and rat islets but not mouse, whereas non-restricted ICA react with humans rat and mouse islets. Restricted ICA can be substantially completely absorbed by incubation with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), whereas non-restricted ICA are partially or not at all absorbed by GAD. Restricted ICA react in a Stiff-Man Syndrome fashion including staining GABAergic neurons in brain sections and western blots of brain extracts, whereas non-restricted ICA does not react with either brain sections nor with GAD antigen in western blots. Restricted ICA contains a higher titer of anti-GAD antibodies than does non-restricted ICA.

Method of accessing the risks of developing type I diabetes

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Wellesley, MA, United States of America

George S Eisenbarth