Xerox Corporation

Sandia Corporation

George J Roller

Arthur M Gooray

Paul Charles Galambos

Kevin R Zavadil

Joseph Michael Crowley

Frank J Peter

Richard C Givler

Maurice F Holmes

Steven Robert Moore

Lam F Wong

Kathleen A Feinberg

Leonard M Carreira

Venkatesh H Kamath

Charles P Coleman

Marcel Philippe Breton

Barry Paul Mandel

Morton Silverberg

Raymond W Wong

Michael John Martin

Jeffry Joseph Sniegowski

John R Falvo

Randy J Shul

Joseph J Ferrara

Christine E Bedford

Richard A Van Dongen

Ernest L DiNatale

Richard P Schell

William Brant

William M Lindenfelser

Kendolph A Thomas

Karl M Kau

Danny J Prats

D Russell Humphreys

Christi Willison Gober

Louis J Bressler

Robert L Culligan

Joseph M Crowley, Jr

The present invention relates to an ink composition including water, a solvent, a solvent-soluble dye, and a surfactant, where the ink exhibits a stable liquid microemulsion phase at a first temperature and a second temperature higher than the first temperature and has a conductivity of at most about 200 &#x3bc;S/cm and a dielectric constant of at least about 60, and methods of making such ink compositions. The present invention also relates to a method of making an ink composition for use in a microelectromechanical system-based fluid ejector. The method involves providing a solution or dispersion including a dye or a pigment and adding to the solution or dispersion an additive which includes a material that enhances dielectric permittivity and/or reduces conductivity under conditions effective to produce an ink composition having a conductivity of at most about 200 &#x3bc;S/cm and a dielectric constant of at least about 60.

Tailored ink for piston driven electrostatic liquid drop modulator

Structures for use in conjunction with surface micromachined structures are formed using a two-step etching process. In various exemplary embodiments, the two-step etching process comprises a modified Bosch etch. According to various exemplary embodiments of the two-step etch, first mask and second masks are used to prepare a layer for etching one or more desired structures. The first mask is used to define at least one large feature. The second mask is used to define at least one small feature (small as compared to the at least one large feature). The second mask is formed over the first mask which is formed over the layer. In the first etching step, the at least one small feature is etched into the layer. Then, the second mask is removed using the chemical rinsing agent. In the second etching step, the at least one large feature is etched into the layer such that the at least one small feature propagates further into the layer ahead of the at least one large feature. The first mask is then removed. Other surface micromachined methods and structures are provided as well.

Surface micromachined structure fabrication methods for a fluid ejection device

An electronic drive system applies a drive signal to an electrostatically actuated device such that a resulting electric field has a constant force. In various exemplary embodiments, the electronic drive system applies a drive signal to an electrostatically actuated fluid ejector that has a piston and a faceplate including a nozzle hole. A dielectric fluid to be ejected is supplied between the piston and the faceplate. The drive signal is applied to one of the piston and the faceplate. The drive signal generates an electric field across the fluid between the piston and the faceplate. The electric field causes the piston to be electrostatically attracted towards the faceplate so that a jet or drop of fluid is ejected through the nozzle hole of the faceplate. According to exemplary embodiments, the drive signal is from a constant current source or is reduced over the course of its lifetime. Further, according to various exemplary embodiments, the drive signal is of a suitable high frequency to reduce the potential of electrochemical reactions or electrical breakdown, or both. The drive signal may also be a bi-polar drive signal to reduce the possibility of electrochemical reactions.

Electronic drive systems and methods

A piston structure is movably mounted within a fluid chamber. Movement of the piston structure towards a faceplate causes a portion of the fluid between the piston and the faceplate to be forced out of the nozzle hole in the faceplate, forming a drop or jet of the fluid. Viscous forces that are generated by the flow of fluid along a working surface of the piston structure toward and away from the nozzle hole generate a force that resists the movement of the piston structure. This resistance force tends to slow the piston motion, and prevents the piston from contacting the faceplate. In various embodiments, the fluid chamber is defined by a cylinder structure. The piston structure moves within the cylinder structure. The cylinder structure and the faceplate define the fluid chamber. The cylinder structure and the piston structure are designed to cooperate so that the movement of the piston structure within the cylinder structure ejects fluid according to various design criteria. In various embodiments, a free space is provided between the faceplate and the piston structure at its maximum displacement towards the faceplate.

Micromachined fluid ejector systems and methods having improved response characteristics

A bi-directional fluid ejector according to the systems and methods of this invention operates on the principle of electrostatic attraction. In various exemplary embodiments, the fluid ejector includes a sealed dual diaphragm arrangement, an electrode arrangement that is parallel and opposite to the sealed diaphragms, and a structure which contains the fluid to be ejected. A diaphragm chamber containing a relatively incompressible fluid is situated behind, and is sealed by, the diaphragms. At least one nozzle hole is formed in a faceplate of the ejector over one of the diaphragms. A drive signal is applied to at least one electrode of the electrode arrangement to generate an electrostatic field between the electrode and a first one of the diaphragms. The first diaphragm is attracted towards the electrode by an electrostatic force into a deformed shape due to the electrostatic field. Upon deforming, pressure is transmitted to a second one of the sealed diaphragms. The transmitted pressure and the relatively incompressible nature of the fluid contained within the sealed diaphragm chamber causes the second diaphragm to deflect in the opposite direction to force fluid through at least one of the at least one nozzle hole. After a drop is ejected, the movement is reversed, either through normal resilient restoration actions of the deformed diaphragm and/or through an applied force.

Bi-directional fluid ejection systems and methods

A fluid ejection system according to this invention operates on the principle of electrostatic or magnetic attraction. In various exemplary embodiments, the fluid ejection system includes a sealed diaphragm arrangement having at least one diaphragm portion and a diaphragm chamber defined at least partially by the at least one diaphragm portion, a nozzle hole located over the at least one diaphragm portion, an ejection chamber defined between the nozzle hole and the least one diaphragm portion and a secondary dielectric fluid reservoir containing a secondary dielectric fluid. The ejection chamber receives a primary fluid to be ejected. The secondary dielectric fluid reservoir is in fluid communication with the diaphragm chamber to supply the secondary dielectric fluid to the diaphragm chamber. In various exemplary embodiments, the secondary dielectric fluid is a liquid, a substantially incompressible fluid, and/or a high performance dielectric fluid having a dielectric constant greater than 1.

Fluid ejection systems and methods with secondary dielectric fluid

An electrostatic microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based fluid ejector comprises a movable piston structure and a stationary faceplate. A fluid chamber is defined between the piston structure and a substrate. The piston structure may be resiliently mounted on the substrate by one or more spring elements. A fluid to be ejected is supplied in the fluid chamber from a fluid reservoir through a fluid refill hole formed in the substrate. The faceplate includes a nozzle hole through which a fluid jet or drop is ejected. In various exemplary embodiments, the piston structure moves towards the faceplate by electrostatic attraction between the piston structure and the faceplate. As a result of the movement of the piston structure, a portion of the fluid between the piston structure and the faceplate is forced out of the nozzle hole, forming a jet or drop of the fluid.

Micromachined fluid ejector systems and methods

A reproduction machine has one or more of the following functions: electronic printer, copier, facsimile machine, or optical scanner. A customizable control panel allows functional upgradability of image printing machine. The machine is upgradable to include any of the functions it does not already posses or enhancements thereof. The customizable control panel is preferably employed in an electrostatographic machine. The control panel is upgradable to a different interchangeable control panel by replacement with a different panel or by the addition of a further user interface panel module. A process provides for upgrading a reproduction machine having one or more of the following functions: electronic printer, copier, facsimile machine, or optical scanner, to include any or all of such functions it does not already posses.

Customizable control panel for a functionally upgradable image printing machine

The systems and methods of the present invention operate by magnetically driving a fluid ejector. In various exemplary embodiments, a primary coil and a secondary coil are situated in the ejector. The ejector has a movable piston usable to eject fluid through a nozzle hole. The piston may be resiliently mounted and biased to an at-rest position. A drive signal is applied to cause current to flow in the primary coil. The current flow generates a magnetic field that induces a current in the secondary coil. Either the primary coil or the secondary coil or associated with the piston and the other is associated with a fixed structure of the ejector. As a result, a magnetic force is generated that pushes the piston either toward a faceplate so that a drop of fluid is ejected through the nozzle hole in the faceplate or away from the faceplate so that fluid fills in a fluid chamber between the piston and the faceplate. When the drive signal is turned off, the piston resiliently returns to its at-rest position, thereby either refilling the ejected fluid or ejecting a drop of fluid through the nozzle hole in the faceplate. In various other embodiments, the faceplate is made of a magnetic material, such as a ferrous material, or is coated with or connected to a magnetic material. A second primary coil or a permanent magnet may be included in various other embodiments. In various embodiments, switching the direction of the current changes the magnetic force between attraction and repulsion.

Magnetic drive systems and methods for a micromachined fluid ejector

The silicon fluid ejector of the present invention includes an electrostatically actuated micromachined positive displacement mechanism consisting of a piston, piston containment structure, piston retraction mechanism and an ejection orifice. These features provide for very low cost of production, high reliability and &ldquo;on demand&rdquo; drop size modulation. The fluid ejector mechanism can be easily produced via monolithic batch fabrication based on the common production technique of surface micromachining.

Fluid drop ejector

The silicon fluid ejector of the present invention includes an electrostatically actuated micromachined positive displacement mechanism consisting of a piston, piston containment structure, piston retraction mechanism and an ejection orifice. These features provide for very low cost of production, high reliability and 'on demand' drop size, modulation. The fluid ejector mechanism can be easily produced via monolithic batch fabrication based on the common production technique of surface micromachining.

Method of fabricating a fluid drop ejector

In a digital copier in which the copies are made with a reciprocating ink-jet printhead, the original image to be copied is pre-scanned at high speed and low resolution, to identify an area in the original image having white space. If the white-space area in the original image is sufficiently large, the action of the printhead can be adapted to skip the corresponding area in the copy sheet in the printing process, thus increasing the overall throughput of the digital copier. An analogous technique can be used to identify non-halftone or non-color portions of an original image, which can be printed with fewer than a maximum number of passes of the printhead over a specific area of the copy sheet.

Ink-jet copier in which an original image is prescanned for optimized

A dual mode modular reproduction apparatus for selective different sheet printing modes with a common shared base frame unit having integral module mounting guides providing defined simple manual module mounting into the base frame unit into the same effective location of a xerographic engine module with xerographic engine mounting elements which mate with the module mounting guides in the base frame unit for sheet printing xerographically, and an ink jet printing engine module with mounting elements which mate with the same module mounting guides in the base frame unit as the xerographic engine module to operatively mount the ink jet printing engine module in the base frame unit in place of the xerographic engine for sheet printing by the ink jet printing engine module, the xerographic engine module and the ink jet printing engine module thereby being readily manually interchangeable in the base frame unit to provide a choice between xerographic printing or ink jet printing utilizing the same base frame unit. Preferably the xerographic engine module is a monochrome printer, with a separate fuser module, and the ink jet printing engine module is a plural color ink printer, and there is also a separate document imaging station module, mounting in additional module mounting guides in the base unit, to provide an easily changeable variety of different imaging products and shared components.

Plural mode modular reproduction apparatus

A variable sheet sized sheet feeder adapted to be reloaded while running in a dual tray mode. A dual tray sheet feeder having a sheet transport to reload a stack of sheets from a holding station to an active feed station is provided. The dual tray design allows the holding station to be reloaded while the active tray is feeding thereby providing load while run capability. The feed tray is further provided with tray extensions to allow the loading and feeding of oversized sheets within the same confines. Multiple sensors and movable stack guides are provided to allow the transfer of the sheet stack from one tray to another and to report the status of each tray to the operator through a user interface.

High capacity dual tray variable sheet size sheet feeder

A smart sheet sensor control system and method compensating for degradation of an optical sensor. A reference voltage trigger level is periodically adjusted in a manner biased toward a null state indicating an absence of a sheet of paper or document in a paper location. The reference voltage trigger level is periodically adjusted by a microprocessor to always lie within a window range between the null state value and an activated state value indicating a presence of the sheet in the paper location. Since the adjustment is periodic, the microprocessor need not be a dedicated microprocessor and may be used to adjust the reference voltage trigger level corresponding to several sensors respectively sensing the presence or absence of a sheet of paper at several different locations. A service signal may be provided via a copier controller to a display on the copier and/or to a telecommunications device to be forwarded to a vendor service department when the window range between the null state and the activated state is less than a predetermined value so that maintenance may be performed on the sensor prior to a complete failure of the sensor system. The smart sheet sensor control system and method may be implemented in an electrophotographic printing machine sensing sheets of paper or other documents at various locations within the machine.

Growing community of inventors

Penfield, NY, United States of America

George J Roller