E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Vanson, Inc.

Dcv, Inc.

Dcv Chitin Technologies, L.p.

George E Heinsohn

Velliyur Nott Rao

John R Kosak

Rudolf E Svadlenak

John F Kook

August S Bjornson

Peter Francis Carcia

Ivan M Robinson

Gerfried Pruckmayr

Charles T Blaisdell

John R Deans

Walter John Cordes

Edward C Dingilian

Edward O Dingilian

Bernard A Link

Walter W Gilbert

Application of a water-soluble salt of chitosan to the foliage of growing plants increases the yield of vegetables, tubers, cereal grains, fruits and blossoms. Plants so treated are healthier, sturdier, more resistant to drought and many varieties enjoy an extended period of production. The plants may be effectively and conveniently treated by spraying the foliage with a solution containing 0.01-1.5% wt. chitosan salt using conventional agricultural equipment and techniques.

Method for treating cotyledonous plants

Application of an aqueous solution containing a chitosan salt and oligomers of chitosan to the foliage of growing plants increases the yield of vegetables, tubers, cereal grains, fruits, and blossoms.

Process and composition for treating aqueous media to remove impurities using chitosan, polysilicic acid and/or poly aluminosilicate, ferric compound and clay.

Removal of organic contaminants from aqueous media

N-Halochitosans which are terpolymers containing 1 to 35% of 2-deoxy-2-acetaminodoglucose monomeric units, 1 to 90% of 2-deoxy-2-haloaminoglucose monomeric units, and 8-98% of 2-deoxy-2-haloaminoglucose monomeric units wherein the halogen is chlorine or bromine and their preparation is disclosed. The preferred preparation is by treatment of an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt with a halogenating agent.

N-halochitosans, their preparation and uses

N-acylaminomethylphosphonic acids having the formula RCO--NH--CH.sub.2 --P(.dbd.O)(OH).sub.2, where R is a non-interfering organic radical, are prepared by (A) combining a solution of a carboxamide, RCO--NH.sub.2, paraformaldehyde and phosphorous acid in an anhydrous solvent with a carboxylic acid anhydride, e.g., acetic anhydride, or (B) combining a solution of the carboxamide and paraformaldehyde in an anhydrous solvent with a solution of the carboxylic acid anhydrid and phosphorous acid in an anhydrous solvent, followed by heating the resulting solution to complete the reaction. The N-acylaminomethylphosphonic acids can be hydrolyzed to aminomethylphosphonic acid.

Preparation of N-acylaminomethylphosphonic acids and

A process is provided for separating high purity alkyl glycolate from a gaseous reaction mixture resulting from the catalyzed gas phase oxidation of alkyl glycolate. A hot solvent which is immiscible with water but selectively dissolves alkyl glycolate and alkyl glyoxylate is brought in contact with the gaseous reaction mixture, and water and alcohol vapors are removed from the hot solvent. The alkyl glyoxylate is removed from the solution by a first distillation and the alkyl glycolate and solvent are then separated in a second distillation.

Process for the isolation of alkyl glyoxylate

The stabilization of aqueous or alkanolic solutions of choline and derivative of choline against discoloration on aging by the addition of an unsubstituted hydroxylamine salt to the choline solutions at levels of less than 1 percent.

Stabilization of choline and its derivatives against discoloration

A process for inducing flocculation involving the mixing of an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt with a material to be flocculated (e.g., oil, algae, or the like) and then adding a halogenating agent (e.g., sodium hypochlorite) thus forming a N-halochitosan.

In the catalyzed gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of alkyl glycolate with an oxygen source in the presence of a metallic silver catalyst, the selectivity of from 500 to about 5000 ppm the reaction is increased at high conversion rates by the addition of methylene chloride to the reactants.

Selectivity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of alkyl glycolate

The process in which alkyl glyoxylates are prepared by the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding alkyl glycolates is improved by carrying out the process in at least two adiabatic reaction stages in series, in which no more than about 60 percent of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen is used in the first stage.

Multi-stage process with adiabatic reactors for preparing alkyl

Methyl isocyanate can be separated in high yields from a gas-phase mixture of the isocyanate and water by sequentially condensing a major portion of the water, absorbing essentially all the remaining water from the mixture, and liquefying the methyl isocyante.

Process for separating methyl isocyanate

A continuous, close-coupled method for making N-methyl carbamate pesticides which comprises contacting the methyl isocyanate in a vapor phase mixture containing methyl isocyanate and water with a selected oxime or phenol, said mixture being the reaction product formed by oxidizing monomethylformamide. An optional intermediate step for preparing the methyl isocyanate/water vapor phase reaction mixture for contact with the oxime or phenol is to remove therefrom a portion of the water without liquefying the methyl isocyanate by cooling the mixture to a temperature below the dew point of water but above the dew point of the methyl isocyanate.

Process for the preparation of methyl carbamates and thioimidates

Methyl isocyanate can be separated in high yields from a gas-phase mixture of the isocyanate and water by sequentially condensing a major portion of the water, adsorbing essentially all the remaining water from the mixture, and liquefying the methyl isocyanate.

The process in which methyl isocyanate is prepared by the oxidative dehydrogenation of monomethyl formamide is improved by performing the reaction in a quartz reactor.

Preparation of methyl isocyanate in a quartz reactor

The process in which organic isocyanates are prepared by the oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding formamides is improved by operating the process in at least two adiabatic reaction stages in series where no more than 0.7 equivalent of oxygen is fed to the first stage.

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Elkton, MD, United States of America

George E Heinsohn