Ashland Oil, Inc.

George D Myers

Lloyd E Busch

Paul W Walters

Robert L Cottage

George I Worrall

Donald A Strege

Carbo-metallic oil conversion

A process is disclosed for cracking a carbo-metallic oil feed containing 650.degree. F. material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and by a level of heavy metal(s) of at least about 4.0 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents. The process includes contacting the feed with cracking catalyst bearing an accumulation of substantially more than 600 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents of heavy metal(s). The resultant stream flows through a progressive flow type reactor for a vapor residence time of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds at conditions sufficient for causing a conversion per pass of about 50% to about 90% while producing coke in amounts of at least about 6% by weight based on fresh feed and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts of at least about 0.3% by weight based on catalyst. After such contact, catalyst is separated from product vapors, stripped, and thereafter regenerated in at least a first regeneration zone and a second regeneration zone separate from the first regeneration zone. The amount of oxygen-containing gas in the first regeneration zone is sufficient to convert a major portion of the coke on the catalyst to carbon oxides. The amount of oxygen-containing gas in the second regeneration zone is sufficient to reduce the weight of residual coke on the catalyst to about 0.25% or less. The total amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied to all regeneration zones is less than the stoichiometric amount which would be required to burn all of the carbon in the coke to CO.sub.2, to burn all of the hydrogen in the coke to water, and to burn any other combustibles which may be present in the coke to their respective combustion products. After such regeneration, the regenerated catalyst is recycled to the reactor for contact with fresh feed.

Carbo-metallic oil conversion with controlled CO:CO.sub.2 ratio in

A method is disclosed for cracking a carbo-metallic oil feed containing high amounts of coke forming carbonaceous materials as characterized by a Conradson carbon value of more than 1 and containing a level of nickel and/or vanadium of greater than 5 ppm. The method includes contacting the feed with catalyst particles and liquid water containing hydrogen sulfide. At least a portion of the water may be recycled water from prior catalytic cracking of an oil feed containing sulfur.

Carbo-metallic oil conversion with liquid water containing H.sub.2 S

A method is disclosed for cracking a carbo-metallic oil feed containing high amounts of coke forming carbonaceous materials as characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and by a level of heavy metal(s) of at least about 5.5 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents. The method includes contacting the feed with cracking catalyst bearing an accumulation of at least about 3,000 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents of heavy metal(s) and with additional material including water. The resultant stream flows through a progressive flow type reactor for a vapor residence time of about 0.5 to about 6 seconds at conditions sufficient for causing a conversion per pass of about 60% to about 90%. The additional material is added in a weight ratio relative to feed of up to about 0.4 and includes water in a weight ratio relative to feed of at least about 0.04. The water may be introduced as steam and/or liquid water. After such contact, catalyst is separated from product vapors and thereafter regenerated with oxygen-containing gas under conditions sufficient to reduce carbon on catalyst to about 0.25 percent by weight or less while maintaining a CO:CO.sub.2 molar ratio of at least about 0.25 in combustion gases in heat exchange contact with the catalyst.

Carbo-metallic oil conversion with water

A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named 'RCC' (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

High metal carbo-metallic oil conversion using low inventory of catalyst

Carbo-metallic oil conversion with liquid water, ballistic separation

Carbo-metallic oil conversion with liquid water

A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils containing quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named 'RCC' (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularyly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

High metal carbo-metallic oil conversion

A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named 'RCC' (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

A degaser is disclosed for an outlet conduit into which solids are transferred from a fluidized bed within a larger vessel and comprises a curvilinear wall extending upward from the upper end of the outlet conduit and beveled at an angle to the vertical to form an outlet with a rim having a high side and a low side. The degaser is positioned with its high side far below the solids inlet into the vessel and its low side near the bottom of the fluidized bed. The biased rim may take various shapes and the degaser wall may extend only partially around the upper conduit end. Fluidizing gas can be introduced into the bed either above or below the low side of the degaser. The degaser may also include a baffle arranged within the vessel in cooperative relation to the rim.

Biased degasser for fluidized bed outlet

An apparatus for the removal or collection of solid dispersoids in gases which structurally comprises a combination of a gravity settling chamber and a cyclonic separator. In operation, the bulk of the entrained solids of a gas/solid fluid stream is alone discharged from a conduit transporting said stream into the settling chamber and collected therein whereas the gas phase containing only residual amounts of entrained solids is simultaneously diverted through a cyclonic separator to complete the removal of the solids from the gas stream.

Apparatus for separating solid dispersoids from gaseous streams

A method for disengaging catalyst particulates from the effluent of a riser tube in the operation of a FCC unit. The catalyst component of the resultant ascending fluid stream is propelled from the riser tube into the catalyst disengaging or collection chamber by virtue of the inertial momentum associated therewith. The vaporous hydrocarbon conversion products containing only residual entrained amounts of catalyst, being passively restrained from entering the disengaging chamber, are simultaneously diverted to a fractionation unit via a cyclonic separator.

Separation of catalyst from effluent of a fluidized catalytic

Refinery waste waters containing dissolved hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are stripped of hydrogen sulfide by a countercurrent stream of refinery absorber gas which removes substantially all of the hydrogen sulfide and none of the ammonia. The dissolved ammonia is subsequently removed by steam stripping, leaving a waste water sufficiently clean to be non-polluting.

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Ashland, KY, United States of America

George D Myers