Thin Film Electronics Asa

Other

Microsoft International Holdings B.v.

Fast Search & Transfer Asa

Fileflow As

Geirr Ivarsson Leistad

Hans Gude Gudesen

Per-Erik Nordal

Per Bröms

Christer Karlsson

Göran Gustafsson

Johan Carlsson

Harald Dankworth

Michael O Thompson

Mats Johansson

Arild Fuldseth

Rolf Magnus Berggren

Per Hamberg

Arne Halaas

G&ouml;ran Gustafsson

Per Sandström

Rolf Michelsen

Staffan Björklid

B&oslash;rge Svingen

Johan Roger Axel Karlsson

Per Broms

Isak Engquist

Stein H Danielsen

John Markus Lervik

Nils-Johan Pedersen

Reidar E Tangen

Bengt G&ouml;ran Gustafsson

Rolf Magnue Berggren

Danilo Pede

Magnus Granstr&ouml;m

Olle Werner Inganas

Gary A McConnell

Bengt Goran Gustafsson

Johan Roger Karlsson

Goran Gustafsson

Peter Dyreklev

Hamberg Per

In a method for improving client's login and sign-on security in accessing services offered by service providers over shared network resources such as Internet and particularly working within the framework of the www, a password is created for the client at a first attempt to access the service provider. The client's password is generated either at an authentication authority in trust relationship with the service provider and transmitted to the client, or the client is allowed to create his or her password on the basis of random character sequences transmitted from the authentication authority. For subsequent access to the service provider the authentication authority presents a client for characters in ordered sequences or in a diagram containing in an appropriate order a single occurrence of each password character. The client performs a selection of the password for validation and transmits the validation back to the authentication authority, which verifies the password and informs the service provider of the verification. In a most preferred embodiment the password characters are never transmitted between the authentication authority and the client in a validation and verification procedure, and the former is wholly disconnected from either the client's credentials or any transactions subsequently to be undertaken between the service provider and the client.

Method for improving security in login and single sign-on procedures

In a non-volatile electric memory system a memory unit and a read/write unit are provided as physically separate units. The memory unit is based on a memory material that can be set to at least two distinct physical states by applying an electric field across the memory material. Electrodes and/or contacts are either provided in the memory unit or in the read/write unit and contacts are at least always provided in the read/write unit. Electrodes and contacts are provided in a geometrical arrangement, which defines geometrically one or more memory cells in the memory layer. Establishing a physical contact between the memory unit and the read/write unit closes an electrical circuit over the addressed memory cell such that read, write or erase operations can be effected. The memory material of the memory unit can be polarized into two discernible polarization states.

Card-like memory unit with separate read/write unit

In a method for transmission of video information between HTTP servers and clients in a shared network resource, particularly Internet, the video information is stored as a video file consisting of packet-divided video streams compression-coded with average bit rates t(c) which cover the clients' expected channel bit rates s. Each packet and the video file are supplied with a header containing information for realizing a bandwidth-scalable video transmission over a suitable version of HTTP. During transmission switching between the video streams takes place on the basis pf an estimation of the channel bit rate s and the information in the packet header, such that the bit rate t(c) is adapted to the client's actual channel bit rate s. In a method for client-executed search and retrieval of video information in a shared network resource, particularly searching of a video frame Fx in a packet-divided video stream, the packets in a video stream are divipacket packet in each group. On basis of given search criteria and search-specific information in the packet headers the packet with the video five Fx is found, such that a pseudo-random search and retrieval are realized with the use of a suitable version of HTTP as transport protocol.

Methods in transmission and searching of video information

In a non-volatile electric memory system a card-like memory unit () and a read/write unit () are provided as physically separate units. The memory unit () is based on a memory material () that can be set to at least two distinct physical states by applying an electric field across the memory material. The read/write unit () comprises contact means () provided in a determined geometrical pattern enabling a definition of memory cells in memory unit () in an initial write operation, the memory cells being located in a geometrical pattern corresponding to that of the contact means (). Establishing a physical contact between the memory unit () and the read/write unit () closes an electrical circuit over an addressed memory cell such that read, write or erase operations can be effected. The memory material () of the memory unit () can be a ferroelectric or electret material that can be polarized into two discernible polarization states, or it can be a material with a resistive impedance characteristic such that a memory cell of the material can be set to a specific stable resistance value by the application of an electric field.

Data storage device

In a method for transmission of video information between HTTP servers and clients in a shared network resource, particularly Internet, the video information is stored as a video file consisting of packet-divided video streams compression-coded with average bit rates t(c) which cover the clients' expected channel bit rates s. Each packet and the video file are supplied with a header containing information for realizing a bandwidth-scalable video transmission over a suitable version of HTTP. During transmission switching between the video streams takes place on the basis pf an estimation of the channel bit rate s and the information in the packet header, such that the bit rate t(c) is adapted to the client's actual channel bit rate s. In a method for client-executed search and retrieval of video information in a shared network resource, particularly searching of a video frame Fx in a packet-divided video stream, the packets in a video stream are divipacket packet in each group. On basis of given search criteria and search-specific information in the packet headers the packet with the video frame Fx is found, such that a pseudo-random search and retrieval are realized with the use of a suitable version of HTTP as transport protocol.

In a method for enhancing the data storage capability of ferroelectric or electret memory cell which has been applied to storage of data and attained an imprint condition, suitable voltage pulses are used for evoking a temporary relaxation of the imprint condition into a volatile polarization state that can be discriminated from the imprinted polarization state in a non-destructive readout operation. Sequences of one or more voltage pulses are used to evoke readout signals respectively indicative of a non-volatile and a volatile polarization state of the memory cell, but without altering said polarization states. Imprinted memory cells can be overwritten to effect a temporary and volatile storage of data in a memory device in a ferroelectric or electret memory device by assigning a first logical value to imprinted memory cells and a second logical value by transferring selected to memory cells transferred into a relaxed volatile state, whereby the stored logical values can be discriminated by the detecting the difference in dynamic response of respectively imprinted and relaxed memory cells.

Bimodal operation of ferroelectric and electret memory cells and devices

In a heating and temperature control system for a data storage apparatus comprising at least one matrix-addressable ferroelectric or electret memory device, Joule heating means are provided in the memory device, a temperature determining means is connected with controller circuitry and the controller circuitry is connected with an external power supply, which controlled by the former powers the Joule heating means to achieve a selected operating temperature. In a method for operating the heating and temperature control system an ambient or instant temperature of the memory device is determined and compared with the set nominal optimal temperature, and the difference between these temperatures is used in a predefined algorithm for establishing control parameters for the application of power to the Joule heating means to achieve the selected operating temperature in the memory device during an addressing operation thereto.

Operating temperature optimization in a ferroelectric or electret memory

In methods in the transmission in a data communications network of arbitrarily formatted files between a sender () which represents an information provider and one/or more receivers () which represent users, a network server () is used in the transmission, the transmission itself taking place substantially transparent to both sender () and receiver (). Before the transmission, a file which shall be transmitted is compression-coded, whereafter it is transmitted packet-divided via the server () to the receiver (). In the transmission an already compression-coded file is subjected to a processing specific for one or more users and/or one or more specific application either in the server () or in the receiver () or both, without any effects on the transmission as such. Software used for the processing can be stored either at the sender (), server () or receiver () and possibly downloaded automatically to the processing location. The particular operational and decision steps in the method are preferably realized in consecutive and approximately simultaneous and/or interfoliated steps.

Methods in transmission of files in a data communication network

In a volumetric data storage apparatus comprising a plurality of stacked matrix-addressable memory devices electrode means are provided so as to form alternating word and bit line means for the memory devices, whereby the number of the electrode means is only one more than the number of memory devices. Moreover adjoining electrode means are arranged in such a manner as to furnish a high proportion of memory cells which can be switched in two or more directions, thus yielding a much higher output when addressed and having an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Each memory device can, due to having a dense electrode arrangement, be provided with an attainable memory cell fill factor approaching unity and half the memory cells can in case be provided switchable in two or more directions, such that the fill factor of these in any case shall approach 0.5. A volumetric data storage apparatus with a very high storage density can hence be obtained, while several of the problems encountered with stacked memory devices are obviated.

Volumetric data storage apparatus

A matrix-addressable ferroelectric or electret memory device and a method of operating are explained. The method includes applying a first plurality of voltage difference across a first and a second set of electrodes in the memory when data are read, and applying a second plurality of voltage differences when data are refreshed or rewritten. The first and second plurality of voltage differences correspond to sets of potential levels comprising time sequences of voltage pulses. At least one parameter indicative of a change in a memory cell response is used for determining at least one correction factor for the voltage pulses, whereby the pulse parameter is adjusted accordingly. The memory device comprises means for determining the at least one parameter, a calibration memory connected with means for determining the correction factor, and control circuits for adjusting pulse parameters as applied to read and write operations in the memory device.

Method for operating a ferroelectric of electret memory device, and a device of this kind

In a method for determining the logic state of memory cells in a passive matrix-addressable data storage device with word and bit lines, components of current response are detected and correlated with a probing voltage, and a time-dependent potential is applied on selected word and bit lines or groups thereof, said potentials being mutually coordinated in magnitude and time such that the resulting voltages across all or some of the non-addressed cells at the crossing points between inactive word lines and active bit lines are brought to contain only negligible voltage components that are temporally correlated with the probing voltage. A first apparatus according to the invention for performing the method provides sequential readout of all memory cells on an active word line (AWL) by means of detection circuits (). An active word line (AWL) is selected by a multiplexer (), while inactive word lines (IWL) are clamped to ground during readout. A second apparatus for performing the method is rather similar, but has only a single detection circuit (). An active word line (AWL) is selected by multiplexer () and a bit line (ABL) is selected by a multiplexer () provided between one end of the bit lines (BL) and the input of the detection circuit (), while inactive word and bit lines (IWL; IBL) are clamped to ground during readout.

Non-destructive readout

A scaleable integrated data processing device, particularly a microcomputer, comprises a processing unit with one or more processors and a storage unit with one or more memories. The data processing device is provided on a carrier substrate (S) and comprises mutually adjacent substantially parallel layers (P, M, MP) stacked up on each other, the processing unit and the storage unit being provided in one or more such layers and the separate layers formed with a selected number of processors and memories in selected combinations. In each layer are provided horizontal electrical conducting structures which constitute electrical internal connections in the layer and besides each layer comprises further electrical conducting structures which provide electrical connections to other layers and to the exterior of the data processing device. The integrated data processing device has a scaleable architecture, such that it in principle can be configured with an almost unlimited processor and memory capacity. Particularly can the data processing device implement various forms of scaleable parallel architectures integrated with optimal interconnectivity in three dimensions.

Scaleable integrated data processing device

In an electrode means comprising a first and a second thin-film electrode layers (L , L ) with electrodes (&egr;) in the form of parallel strip-like electrical conductors in each layer, the electrodes (&egr;) are provided only separated by a thin film ( ) of an electrically insulating material with a thickness at most a fraction of the width of the electrodes and at least extending along the side edges thereof and forming an insulating wall ( ) therebetween. The electrode layers (L , L ) are planarized to obtain an extremely planar surface. In an apparatus comprising one or more electrode means (EM), the electrode layers (L , L ) of each are mutually oriented with their respective electrodes ( ) crossing at an angle, preferably orthogonally and with a functional medium ( ) provided globally in sandwich therebetween, such that a preferably passive matrix-addressable apparatus is obtained and suited for use as e.g. a matrix-addressable data processing device or matrix-addressable data storage device comprising individually addressable functional elements ( ) in the form of e.g. respectively logic cells or memory cells, the fill factor thereof in the global functional medium ( ) approaching unity and a maximum number of the cells in the apparatus of approximately A/f , wherein A is the area of the global functional medium ( ) sandwiched between the electrode layers (L , L ), and f is a process-constrained minimum feature.

Electrode means, a method for its manufacture, an apparatus comprising the electrode means as well as use of the latter

A data storage/processing apparatus includes ROM and/or WORM and/or REWRITEABLE memory modules and/or processing modules provided as a single main layer or multiple main layers on top of a substrate. Transistors and/or diodes operate the apparatus. In one set of embodiments, at least some of the transistors and/or diodes are provided on or in the substrate. In another set of embodiments, at least some of the layers on the top of the substrate include low-temperature compatible organic materials and/or low temperature compatible processes inorganic films, and the transistors and/or diodes need not be disposed on or in the substrate. In a related fabricating method, the memory and/or processing modules are provided on the substrate by depositing the layers in successive steps under thermal conditions that avoid subjecting an already-deposited, processed underlying layers to static or dynamic temperatures exceeding given stability limits, particularly with regard to organic materials.

Data storage and processing apparatus, and method for fabricating the same

A method for generating electrically conducting and/or semiconducting structures in three dimensions in a matrix that includes two or more materials in spatially separated material structures is disclosed. An electric field is applied to the separate material structure and the field is modulated spatially according to a protocol. The protocol represents a predetermined pattern of electrically conducting and/or semiconducting structures that are generated in the material structure in response to the field. The matrix composed by the material structures includes structures of this kind in three dimensions.

METHOD FOR GENERATING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING AND/OR SEMICONDUCTING STRUCTURES IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS, A METHOD FOR ERASING THE SAME STRUCTURES AND AN ELECTRIC FIELD GENERATOR/MODULATOR FOR USE WITH THE METHOD FOR GENERATING

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Sandvika, Norway

Geirr Ivarsson Leistad