Shell Oil Comapny

Gautam Tavanappa Kalghatgi

Jian Lin

David John Barratt

Roger Francis Cracknell

Trevor James Davies

Richard Miles

Cornelis Van Es

Rudolf F Heldeweg

John S McArragher

Gasoline fuel formulation having a laminar burning velocity Swhich is equal to or below that of isooctane at a pressure of 1 bar, a temperature of 300 K and stoichiometric air/fuel mixture strength. The formulation can be used to reduce pre-ignition in a turbocharged spark ignition engine, in particular when operating with an inlet pressure above 1.5 bar absolute. The formulation can thus also be used to reduce engine damage. The invention also provides a method of preparing a gasoline fuel, by mixing gasoline fuel components to achieve a laminar burning velocity Sfor the resultant mixture which is equal to or below that of isooctane at a pressure of 1 bar, a temperature of 300 K and stoichiometric air/fuel mixture strength. It further provides a method for selecting a gasoline fuel for use in a turbocharged spark ignition engine, based on its laminar burning velocity S.

Fuel formulations

Gasoline composition

The invention provides a gasoline composition which comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons of the gasoline boiling range containing an octane requirement reducing amount of an additive which comprises a furfuryl alcohol resin or derivative thereof and the use of the additive in a concentrate for a preparation of such gasoline composition and a method of operating a spark-ignition engine using such gasoline composition.

Gasoline composition comprising a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in spark-ignition engines, and a minor amount of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a succinic acid having as substituent on at least one of its .alpha.-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 20 to 200 carbon atoms, or of a succinic acid derivative having as substitutent on one of its .alpha.-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 20 to 200 carbon atoms which is connected to the other .alpha.-carbon atom by means of a hydrocarbon moiety having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

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Chester, United Kingdom

Gautam Tavanappa Kalghatgi