Battelle Memorial Institute

The Washington Technology Center

Pacific Northwest Division

Gary D Maupin

Randal P Kurosky

Richard T Hallen

Glen E Fryxell

Todd R Hart

Suresh Baskaran

Lawrence Andrew Chick

Andrew J Schmidt

Daniel B Anderson

Glen C Dunham

Stephan E Barlow

Justin M Billing

Jerome C Birnbaum

Russell G Tonkyn

Corrie B Martin

Ilhan A Aksay

Chan Han

Gregory C Stangle

M Lou Balmer

Liquefaction processes are provided that can include: providing a biomass slurry solution having a temperature of at least 300&#xb0; C. at a pressure of at least 2000 psig; cooling the solution to a temperature of less than 150&#xb0; C.; and depressurizing the solution to release carbon dioxide from the solution and form at least part of a bio-oil foam. Liquefaction processes are also provided that can include: filtering the biomass slurry to remove particulates; and cooling and depressurizing the filtered solution to form the bio-oil foam. Liquefaction systems are provided that can include: a heated biomass slurry reaction zone maintained above 300&#xb0; C. and at least 2000 psig and in continuous fluid communication with a flash cooling/depressurization zone maintained below 150&#xb0; C. and between about 125 psig and about atmospheric pressure. Liquefaction systems are also provided that can include a foam/liquid separation system. Liquefaction process intermediate compositions are provided that can include a bio-oil foam phase separated from an aqueous biomass solids solution.

Liquefaction processes and systems and liquefaction process intermediate compositions

A NO reduction method includes treating a first gas containing NO , producing a second gas containing NO , reducing a portion of the NO in the second gas to N , and producing a third gas containing less NO than the first gas, substantially all of the third gas NO being NO. The method also includes treating the third gas, producing a fourth gas containing NO , reducing a portion of the NO in the fourth gas to N , and producing a fifth gas containing less NO than the third gas, substantially all of the fifth gas NO being NO. Treating the first and/or third gas can include treatment with a plasma. Reducing a portion of the NO in the second and/or fourth gas can include reducing with a catalyst. The method can further include controlling energy consumption of the plasmas independent of each other.

NOx reduction methods and apparatuses

Vacuum/gas phase reactor embodiments used in gas phase dehydroxylation and alkylation reactions are described in which the substrate could be subjected to high vacuum, heated to target temperature, and treated with silane as quickly and efficiently as possible. To better facilitate the silylation and to increase the efficiency of the process, the reactor is designed to contain quasi-catalytic surfaces which can act both as an &ldquo;activator&rdquo; to put species in a higher energy state or a highly activated state, and as a &ldquo;scrubber&rdquo; to eliminate possible poisons or reactive by-products generated in the silylation reactions. One described embodiment is a hot filament reactor having hot, preferably metallic, solid surfaces within the reactor's chamber in which wafers having mesoporous silicate films are treated. Another is an IR reactor having upper and lower quartz windows sealing the upper and lower periphery of an aluminum annulus to form a heated chamber. Finally, a flange reactor is described that includes a flange base and lid forming a tiny chamber therein for a wafer, the reactor being heated by conduction from a hot sand bath. The dehydroxylation and alkylation treatment of mesoporous silica films produces treated films exhibiting low dielectric constant and high elastic modulus.

Vacuum/gas phase reactor for dehydroxylation and alkylation of porous silica

The present invention is a reactor for combustion synthesis of inorganic powders. The reactor includes a reaction vessel having a length and a first end and a second end. The reaction vessel further has a solution inlet and a carrier gas inlet. The reactor further has a heater for heating both the solution and the carrier gas. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction vessel is heated and the solution is in contact with the heated reaction vessel. It is further preferred that the reaction vessel be cylindrical and that the carrier gas is introduced tangentially into the reaction vessel so that the solution flows helically along the interior wall of the reaction vessel. As the solution evaporates and combustion produces inorganic material powder, the carrier gas entrains the powder and carries it out of the reactor.

Combustion synthesis continuous flow reactor

Ceramic precursor mixtures containing a metal cation, a carbohydrate, and an anion capable of participating in an anionic oxidation-reduction reaction with the carbohydrate for continuous or batchwise drying and pyrolyzing to provide ceramic powders.

Ceramic precursor mixture and technique for converting the same to

Growing community of inventors

Richland, WA, United States of America

Gary D Maupin