Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation

Gary C Rauch

Karl Foster

Donald R Thornburg

Robert F Krause

Earl R Johns

William H Kasner

Richard E Kothmann

Quock Y Ng

Robert L Stone

William G Haines

Durga Ravipati

Wayne M Swift

Robert M Raymond

Carolyn A Messinger

Chongwon Byun

Young David J

A hard protective material and method for forming the medium having the formula C.sub.x N.sub.y. The medium may be formed as a protective film on a magnetic recording disk in a sputtering apparatus such as a magnetron apparatus. The amount of nitrogen in the film may be affected by controlling the collisions of the sputtered material between the target and deposition substrate by controlling the bombardment of the substrate by electrons. The films exhibit properties indicative of a textured morphology on a nanoscale which enhances the retention of lubricant overcoats.

Nitrogen-containing materials for wear protection and friction reduction

A method of stress-relief annealing a magnetic core constructed of magnetic, metallic strip material, with at least a portion of the strip material being amorphous, wherein the strip material has major plane surfaces which define first exposed surfaces of the magnetic core, and lateral edges which collectively define second exposed surfaces of the magnetic core. The method includes the step of thermally insulating the first exposed surfaces of the magnetic core, and the step of heating the magnetic core via the second exposed surfaces.

Method of stress-relief annealing a magnetic core containing amorphous

This invention comprises the use, during the plating processing of thin-film magnetic recording media, of an oxidizing treatment immediately preceding the electroplating of the magnetic layer. This oxidizing treatment can be controlled to produce desired high levels of coercive force and low levels of media noise.

Process for production of magnetic media

It has been found that ferromagnetic sheet material can be scribed in order to reduce watt losses by a thermal method involving rapid heating of small areas or narrow bands of the material in a manner that produces sudden thermal expansion to a degree sufficient to produce plastic deformation within the thermally treated zone. This method has been found to be particularly applicable to electrically insulative coated ferromagnetic sheet wherein it has been found that a laser operating in a continuous wave or extended pulse mode can produce the desired deformation in the ferromagnetic material without damage to the coating properties.

Loss ferromagnetic materials and methods of improvement

A machine manipulates a laser beam substantially transversely across a moving sheet of flat or curved material. This machine includes a rotating optical system which focuses and moves an elongate beam spot across the moving sheet of flat or curved material, at a high rate of speed. In methods of applying these instruments to produce reductions in watt loss in coated ferromagnetic sheet without damage to the coating, the speed of laser scanning, S.sub.2 (inches/minutes), and the incident power, P (watts), of the beam are selected such that the function, PS.sub.2.sup.-1/2 is between about 0.1 to about 7.

Laser scribing apparatus and process for using

Ferromagnetic cores and electric transformers having a ferromagnetic core having at least two ferromagnetic circuits are described. At least one ferromagnetic circuit is composed of a ferromagnetic amorphous material and at least one ferromagnetic circuit is composed of a grain oriented electrical steel. The amorphous material having a saturation induction which is lower than that of the grain oriented steel. Methods of fabricating the core and using the transformer are also described.

Transformer with ferromagnetic circuits of unequal saturation inductions

An alloy and a method of making the same are described. This alloy is suitable for use in an electrical magnetic induction apparatus. The alloy is characterized in that it may undergo an .alpha..revreaction..gamma. phase transformation upon heating to a sufficiently high temperature and in which the microstructure is oriented in the (110)[001] manner as described by Miller indices and is further characterized by a secondary recrystallized microstructure. The specification is replete with magnetic induction data as well as core loss data for alloys falling within the scope of the invention.

Secondary recrystallized oriented low-alloy iron

This is a low-alloy iron having desirable magnetic characteristics suitable for electrical applications such as transformer cores. This material has improved texture and reduced core losses. The alloys contain 0.6-1.0% silicon and 0.4-0.8% chromium along with controlled levels of manganese, sulfur, carbon and oxygen. These alloys are preferably processed to about 0.006 inch (0.015 cm) final gauge using schedules with three coldrolling steps. B.sub.10 values above 19 kG and 17 kG losses below 0.72 watts per pound are obtained with these alloys.

Oriented low-alloy iron containing critical amounts of silicon and

This is an ingot alloy composition and method suitable for making a low-alloy iron having desirable magnetic characteristics suitable for electrical applications such as transformers cores. The ingot alloy has relatively high (0.012-0.020%) sulfur and thus can be prepared with reduced melting cost (as compared to ingot alloys which are to have low sulfur content). To provide for good sulfur removal during processing, however, the manganese content of the ingot alloy must be kept very low (less than 0.01%, if the final annealing is to be performed at about (800.degree.-1000.degree. C.). The ingot alloy also contains 0.1-2% silicon, 0.1-2% chromium, 0.005-0.030% carbon, less than 0.004% oxygen and the balance essentially iron. The method provides for hot-rolling the above described ingot alloy at 900.degree.-1200.degree. C., annealing for 3-10 hours at 750.degree.-900.degree. C., cold-rolling with a 50-75% reduction, annealing for 3-10 hours at 750.degree.-900.degree. C., and cold-rolling with a 50-75% reduction to final thickness. The final annealing is performed for 24-72 hours at 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C.

Method of preparing an oriented low alloy iron from an ingot alloy

This invention is of a process and an intermediate alloy for making an oriented-low-alloy iron (primarily recrystallized) which obtains maximum (110) [001] texture and improved magnetic properties by controlling the sulfur, carbon, manganese, and oxygen contents in the intermediate alloy to certain critical narrow ranges. With alloys containing the 0.01-0.15 percent manganese normally found in commercially available iron, the optimum intermediate (prior to final anneal) sulfur level has been found to be 0.004-0.008 percent. This sulfur level is appropriate for such manganese contents for a wide variety of silicon and chromium content. Similarly an intermediate carbon level of between 0.002 and 0.020% has been shown to give the maximum texture and best properties. The oxygen level must be 0.005 percent or lower and should be held as low as practicable. With these levels of sulfur, carbon, manganese, and oxygen, the alloy can be processed by hot rolling at 900.degree.-1200.degree. C. (usually between 1000.degree.-1100.degree. C.), followed by either two or three cold rolling stages with the final cold rolling providing a 50-75 percent reduction, and with annealing at between 750.degree. C. and the A.sub.Cl temperature of the material between cold rollings. The alloy can also contain 0-3% cobalt and up to total of 2% chromium and silicon.

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Murrysville, PA, United States of America

Gary C Rauch