University of Missouri

Musc Foundation for Research Development

Modern Meadow, Inc.

Fork & Goode, Inc.

Medical University of South Carolina

Gabor Forgacs

Francoise Suzanne Marga

Karoly Robert Jakab

Cyrille Norotte

Vladimir A Mironov

Adrian Neagu

Brendan Patrick Purcell

Niyati Gupta

Dustin Christiansen

Bradley A Hubbard

Stephen H Colbert

Andras Forgacs

Darryl M Cassingham

Monique De Leeuw

Francoise Marga

Engineered, reinforced leather materials (engineered leathers) including a composite of a fibrous matrix that has been tanned to allow crosslinking of the fibrous matrix to the collagen formed by cultured cells (e.g., fibroblasts). These engineered leathers may be referred to as fiber-reinforced biological tissue composites. Also described herein are methods of making such fiber-reinforced biological tissue composites.

Fiber reinforced tissue composites

Provided are engineered meat products formed as a plurality of at least partially fused layers, wherein each layer comprises at least partially fused multicellular bodies comprising non-human myocytes and wherein the engineered meat is comestible. Also provided are multicellular bodies comprising a plurality of non-human myocytes that are adhered and/or cohered to one another; wherein the multicellular bodies are arranged adjacently on a nutrient-permeable support substrate and maintained in culture to allow the multicellular bodies to at least partially fuse to form a substantially planar layer for use in formation of engineered meat. Further described herein are methods of forming engineered meat utilizing said layers.

Engineered comestible meat

Structures and methods for tissue engineering include a multicellular body including a plurality of living cells. A plurality of multicellular bodies can be arranged in a pattern and allowed to fuse to form an engineered tissue. The arrangement can include filler bodies including a biocompatible material that resists migration and ingrowth of cells from the multicellular bodies and that is resistant to adherence of cells to it. Three-dimensional constructs can be assembled by printing or otherwise stacking the multicellular bodies and filler bodies such that there is direct contact between adjoining multicellular bodies, suitably along a contact area that has a substantial length. The direct contact between the multicellular bodies promotes efficient and reliable fusion. The increased contact area between adjoining multicellular bodies also promotes efficient and reliable fusion. Methods of producing multicellular bodies having characteristics that facilitate assembly of the three-dimensional constructs are also provided.

Self-assembling multicellular bodies and methods of producing a three-dimensional biological structure using the same

Provided is a large-scale cell culture system for producing products without harming animals. Also provided is a method for making meat products using this cell culture system. Further provided is a method for making personal care products using this cell culture system, as well as a method for making nutritional supplements using this cell culture system.

Large scale cell culture system for making meat and associated products

Edible microcarriers, including microcarrier beads, microspheres and microsponges, appropriate for use in a bioreactor to culture cells that may be used to form a comestible engineered meat product. For example, the edible microcarriers described herein may include porous microcarriers that may be used to grow cells (e.g., smooth muscle cells) and may be included with the cells in the final engineered meat product, without requiring modification or removal of the cells from the microcarriers. In a particular example, the edible microcarriers may be formed of cross-linked pectin, such as pectin-thiopropionylamide (PTP), and RGD-containing polypeptide, such as thiolated cardosin A. Methods of forming edible microcarriers, methods of using the edible microcarriers to make engineered meat, and engineered meat including the edible microcarriers are also described herein.

Edible and animal-product-free microcarriers for engineered meat

A composition comprising a plurality of cell aggregates for use in the production of engineered organotypic tissue by organ printing. A method of making a plurality of cell aggregates comprises centrifuging a cell suspension to form a pellet, extruding the pellet through an orifice, and cutting the extruded pellet into pieces. Apparatus for making cell aggregates comprises an extrusion system and a cutting system. In a method of organ printing, a plurality of cell aggregates are embedded in a polymeric or gel matrix and allowed to fuse to form a desired three-dimensional tissue structure. An intermediate product comprises at least one layer of matrix and a plurality of cell aggregates embedded therein in a predetermined pattern. Modeling methods predict the structural evolution of fusing cell aggregates for combinations of cell type, matrix, and embedding patterns to enable selection of organ printing processes parameters for use in producing an engineered tissue having a desired three-dimensional structure.

Self-assembling cell aggregates and methods of making engineered tissue using the same

A method of making engineered tissue from a plurality of cell aggregates is disclosed. A cell suspension is centrifuged. The resulting pellet is extruded through an orifice, and the extruded pellet is cut into pieces to produce cell aggregates. A plurality of the cell aggregates are printed in a pattern, and allowed to fuse to form a desired three-dimensional engineered tissue structure. Modeling methods predict the structural evolution of fusing cell aggregates for combinations of cell type to enable selection of organ printing process parameters for use in producing an engineered tissue having a desired three-dimensional structure.

An engineered three-dimensional structure includes living cells cohered with each other. The living cells suitably include Schwann cells and at least one other type of cell. The cells accompanying the Schwann cells can suitably be bone marrow stem cells or another type of cell having one or more anti-inflammatory properties. The structure is suitably a graft that facilitates restorative axon growth when the graft is implanted between the proximal and distal stubs of a severed nerve in a living organism. The graft can optionally include a plurality of acellular conduits extending between opposite axial ends of the graft. Bio-printing techniques can be used to assemble a three-dimensional construct that becomes through maturation an axon-guiding graft, by stacking a plurality of multicellular bodies, each of which includes a plurality of living cells cohered to one another to sufficiently to avoid collapsing when the multicellular bodies are stacked to form the structure.

Growing community of inventors

Potsdam, NY, United States of America

Gabor Forgacs