International Business Machines Corporation

Futoshi Iwama

Hironori Takeuchi

Takaaki Tateishi

Sachiko Yoshihama

Shunichi Amano

Yoichi Hatsutori

Kohichi Kamijoh

Yuichi Nakamura

Taiga Nakamura

Hitomi Takahashi

Shin Saito

Satoshi Masuda

Hideki Tai

Hisashi Miyashita

Takashi Fukuda

Osamu Ichikawa

Kohtaroh Miyamoto

Ken Mizuno

Hiroaki Nakamura

Hideo Watanabe

Nobuhiro Hosokawa

An example operation may include one or more of receiving a uniform resource indicator (URI) of a blockchain peer node that has access to a blockchain distributed among a plurality of blockchain peer nodes, identifying blockchain channel identification information which identifies a unique channel name associated with the blockchain, generating a blockchain-based URI that includes an identification of the URI of the blockchain peer node and the channel name associated with the blockchain, and storing the generated blockchain-based URI on a distributed ledger.

Blockchain notification board storing blockchain resources

An example operation may include one or more of receiving a resource request from a client, identifying a unique chaincode identifier associated with the resource request, re-instantiating a version of chaincode based on the unique chaincode identifier, the re-instantiation configured to disregard any subsequently implemented versions of the chaincode at the computing node, executing the resource request based on the re-instantiated version of the chaincode to generate a result, and transmitting the result to the client.

A system for program synthesis using annotations based on enumeration patterns includes a memory device for storing program code, and at least one processor device operatively coupled to the memory device. The at least one processor device is configured to execute program code stored on the memory device to obtain a set of annotated terms including one or more terms each annotated with an enumeration pattern, translate problem text into a formal specification using natural language processing, the formal specification being described as a set of rules associated with predicates, and synthesize one or more terms satisfying the set of rules of the formal specification based on the set of annotated terms to generate a computer program.

Program synthesis using annotations based on enumeration patterns

Smart contract code is verified by storing smart contract code, identifying a type system for verifying a determinism of the smart contract code based on a first set of security-level values and a second set of security level values, and verifying the determinism of the smart contract code by taking the first set of security-level values as deterministic values and the second set of security level values as non-deterministic values.

Static analysis of smart contract determinism

Methods and systems for text classification include identifying a text sample, classified according to a first class in a set of hierarchical graphs of classes, that is more similar to a second class in the set of hierarchical graphs of classes than to the first class according to a similarity metric. A word is deleted from the identified text sample that is associated with the second class. A word is added to the identified text sample that is associated with the first class. A text classification model is trained using the text sample as training data. Text classification is performed on an input text using the trained text classification model implemented on a processor device.

Verifying and correcting training data for text classification

Methods, computer systems, and computer program products are provided for generating one or more condition sets from one or more documents. The method includes recognizing one or more paragraphs in each document having one or more listing and nested paragraphs and generating one or more paragraph trees wherein each node in the paragraph tree corresponds to a paragraph text in the document. The method further includes extracting one or more conditions as a logical formula from each paragraph text comprising a condition expression; and obtaining one or more condition sets written by a set of logical formulas from the one or more extracted conditions, according to a set of child nodes belonging to each common parent node in each of the paragraph trees; generating one condition set used for quality inspection, for each of the one or more condition sets written by the set of logical formulas.

Document quality inspection

A method for emergency communication includes encoding a message for visual display including a message to field and a message from field. The visual display is revealed to a reading device in communication with a broadcast center, which stores the visual display. The messages are decoded and sorted from visual displays at the broadcast center. On an index channel, a time and channel number for when a message body of the message will be broadcast on a message channel is broadcasted. The message body is broadcasted on the message channel.

Peer-to-peer emergency communication using public broadcasting

An example operation may include one or more of receiving a unique identifier of a blockchain system resource from among a plurality of blockchain system resources associated with a blockchain, generating a notification board for the blockchain which is implemented independently from the blockchain and stored on a distributed ledger including the blockchain, and storing the unique identifier of the blockchain resource and a blockchain ID within the notification board on the distributed ledger.

A method for acquiring an input value such that an output value differs before and after refactoring is not known and an information processing apparatus searching for such an input value that inequivalent output values can be brought about for the equivalent input values among multiple target programs. The apparatus including: an acquisition section acquiring, for each of the multiple target programs, an input/output constraint showing a condition to be satisfied by an input value and an output value; a constraint condition generating section generating a constraint condition which becomes true when the multiple input/output constraints for the multiple target programs are satisfied, input values for the multiple target programs are equivalent, and output values for the multiple target programs are not equivalent; and a constraint releasing section giving the constraint condition to a constraint solver to obtain an input value satisfying the constraint condition.

Information processing apparatus, information processing method and program

A method, for testing words defined in a pronunciation lexicon used in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, is provided. The method includes: obtaining test sentences which can be accepted by a language model used in the ASR system. The test sentences cover words defined in the pronunciation lexicon. The method further includes obtaining variations of speech data corresponding to each test sentence, and obtaining a plurality of texts by recognizing the variations of speech data, or a plurality of texts generated by recognizing the variation of speech data. The method also includes constructing a word graph, using the plurality of texts, for each test sentence, where each word in the word graph corresponds to each word defined in the pronunciation lexicon; and determining whether or not all or parts of words in a test sentence are present in a path of the word graph derived from the test sentence.

Testing words in a pronunciation lexicon

A method for answering consecutive questions, using a system which can access a database is provided. The method includes retrieving a questioner identifier associated with a questioner in response to receipt of a question from the questioner. The method also includes obtaining, using the questioner identifier, a history on class labels which were assigned to questions made by the questioner in the past and choosing a class label among the class labels in the history. The method further includes obtaining a list of keywords of the question and judging whether or not each keyword in the keyword list matches a representative keyword in any node among one or more nodes which exist in a hierarchy level in the database, or matches a synonym of the representative keyword.

Answering of consecutive questions

A computer-implemented method and computing device are provided for generating a formal specification of a function. The method includes extracting a set of words from requirements of the function. The method further includes translating the set of words to a set of specification fragments. The method also includes converting the set of the specification fragments to a set of production rules. The method additionally includes constructing multiple prospective specifications from the set of production rules taking into account a syntax of the formal specification. The method further includes validating each of the multiple prospective specifications using input-output examples. The method also includes generating the formal specification of the function from validated ones of the multiple prospective specifications.

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Tokyo, Japan

Futoshi Iwama