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Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolf Berthold

Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolf Berthold Gmbh & Co., Kg

Berthold Technologies Gmbh & Co Kg

Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolph Berthold

Laboratorium Prof. Dr. Rudolph Berthold Gmbh & Co. Kg

Fritz Berthold

Ewald Freiburger

Willy Lohr

Manfred Pfleger

Peter E Andreotti

Helmut Kubisiak

Veikko Tarkkanen

Seppo Kolehmainen

Peter Haefner

Wilfried Reuter

Klaus Hafner

Norbert Klaiber

Jürgen Wulf

A method for detecting ionizing radiation with the aid of a scintillation counter and a photomultiplier using an inorganic solid-matter scintillator that incorporates at least one decay time component greater than 100 ns and measures the photons emitted by the scintillator with a fast single-photon counter. The single-photon counter is composed of a fast photomultiplier with high internal amplification, a stabilized high-voltage supply and a fast amplifier/discriminator with standard pulse output. With this arrangement, the measurement of all types of radiation, like alpha, beta, gamma and X radiation, can be performed, with low manufacturing costs for the detector, a high degree of sensitivity especially with regard to low beta energies, only small sensitivity changes over a large temperature range of &#x2212;20 to +50 degrees C., and good long-term stability.

Method and apparatus for detecting ionizing radiation

A rapid detection of ATP using dried luciferase/luciferin reagent. A liquid that may include an extraction reagent is applied to the testing surface, such as a counter top. A sampling device having a handle and an absorbent tip is wiped across the testing surface. The absorbent tip absorbs the sample. The sample is then placed in a counting tube. Luciferase/luciferin reagent is immobilized on the absorbent tip of the sampling device or in the bottom of a counting tube. In either case, the liquid rehydrates the luciferase/luciferin reagent allowing ATP present in the sample to react with the luciferase. Light produced by the reaction is measured with a luminometer.

Method and apparatus for rapid hygiene testing

Method for rapid hygiene testing

A method for discrimination and simultaneous or separate measurement of single or multiple electronic events in an opto-electronic detector, such as a photo-multiplier, wherein information for the discrimination of these events is obtained from the signal progression occurring at the detector output within a predeterminable time window. According to this method, a characteristic parameter (T.sub.M ; t.sub.b -t.sub.a) is obtained for the temporal 'center of gravity' of the progression of the signal itself or its integral over the time window (T.sub.F), the value of which is compared with a reference value (T.sub.S ; C.sub.1) which this parameter assumes during a single photo-electron event.

Method for discrimination and simultaneous or separate measurement of

A method and device for effecting a location-sensitive measurement of a flat sample of radiation emitting material having a plurality of partial areas, in which a screen plate having radiation passage openings is disposed between a detector and the sample; radiation emanating from a group of the partial areas is detected in accordance with the shape of the screen plate openings; information based on the detected radiation is stored; and then a relative displacement is effected between the sample and the detector and detecting and storing are repeated for another group of partial areas, so that the total measurement is composed of a plurality of such successively performed partial measurements which provide a measurement of the total distribution of radiation emitted by the sample. The screen plate is provided with a plurality of slits which constitute the passage openings and which extend in parallel with one another essentially across the entire width of the screen plate; each detecting operation involves a substantially simultaneous, location-sensitive measurement of strip-like partial areas of the sample which are in line with the slits; and said each relative displacement is effected between a detection operations exclusively in a direction transverse to the direction in which the slits extend.

Method and device for measuring the distribution of radioactivity on a

A counting tube for detecting radioactive radiation exclusively uses cathode pads for signal detection, which are disposed electrically insulated on the interior of an inner wall of the counting tube housing opposite the sample. A discrete electronic evaluation element is preferably allocated to each cathode element, which makes possible parallel evaluation of the counting tube signal. The cathode pads are in particular laminated in the form of a metal-coated conductive surface on a support plate made of an insulating material. The field of application of such counting tubes with the exclusive use of cathode pads is in particular in connection with multiple counting tubes where the partial areas of a total area to be measured are intended to be individually detected and evaluated.

Multiple counter for detecting radioactive radiation

A radiation measuring apparatus for performing measurements on samples contained in a plurality of sample containers disposed in the form of a matrix on a holder plate, the apparatus including a radiation detector having an entrance window, displacement devices for aligning successive sample containers with the entrance window of the radiation detector for automatic measurement of samples in the sample containers, the radiation detector and the sample containers being movable relative to one another in such a way that the sample container being measured and the entrance window of the detector are disposed coaxially with each other. The apparatus further includes: a diaphragm plate (10) provided with at least one aperture, the diaphragm plate being fixedly disposed between the entrance window (31) of the detector (30) and a sample container (21) placed underneath the entrance window; a component forming a light-tight coupling between a sample container (21) placed underneath the entrance window and the entrance window; and a component disposed for pressing the sample containers against the diaphragm plate (10) with a constant pressure while permitting the sample containers to be displaced parallel to the diaphragm plate by the displacement devices.

Radiation measuring device, particularly for luminescence measurements

A system for a plurality of specimen containers for performing assays, such as chemo- or bioluminescence measurements, includes a support element used for transporting the specimen containers through a measuring instrument, and a holder in which a plurality of specimen containers are received and which, for performing the measurement, can be mounted on the support element. The holder is a disposable component, so that once the measurement has been performed it can be discarded along with the specimen containers. For receiving multiple holders outside the measuring instrument, a stand is provided. Both on the holder and on the stand and support element, special provisions are made for positioning of the specimen containers both in the stand and in the support element in a way that both assures satisfactory measurement and precludes any mistake in the order of the specimen containers during the measurement or during the preparatory steps in the process. This system is suitable for performing chemiluminescence immunoassays, for instance.

Rack system for a plurality of specimen containers for performing assays

A specimen rack for specimen containers such as test tubes composed of M structurally identical holders for linearly receiving N specimen containers at a time as well as a stand for receiving the M holders, which stand has vertical side parts, so that a plurality of holders can be mounted on the stand parallel to one another and affixed there by means of a detent connection. With this modularly designed specimen rack, the stand enables secure holding of multiple containers, while contrarily the holders, in which the specimen containers can remain during all the stages of the procedure, may be an inexpensive disposable plastic part the purpose of which is merely the linear, spatial association of a number of specimen containers, and which after the measurement is ended can optionally be discarded along with the specimen containers. Because of the minimal design of such a holder, any disposal problems are also slight. The specimen containers can be inserted into the holders at the outset and remain there, so that tedious shifting operations, which could cause mistakes and mixups, are reliably avoided during the detection process. This is particularly significant in performing immunoassay measurements.

Specimen rack for specimen containers

A specimen rack composed of a block having a matrix-like arrangement of M.times.N through chambers, into which M.times.N cuvettes can be inserted, individually or in the form of strip-racks. Separate connecting strips may be provided to form the strip-racks, and these strips, like the block, are of radiopaque material so that each cuvette, except for a region defined by the lower opening cross section of the through chambers and their upper filling opening, is continuously opaquely shielded from scattering radiation from adjacent cuvettes. Annular shoulders, serving as rests, are dimensioned and disposed in the through chambers such that the vertical position and thus the assay position of the cuvettes in the through chambers can be fixed in defined fashion. Thus the measurement sensitivity on the one hand and possible crosstalk phenomena in the vicinity of the measurement openings on the other can be minimized or optimally adapted to one another.

Speciman rack with insertable cuvettes

A measuring instrument for bioluminescence and chemiluminescence has coupled holders that can slide on a horizontal locating surface with specimen pans, which are fed successively to a light entry port (point of measurement) which is shielded outwardly in light-tight fashion. The holders are fitted with a side window and the point of measurement is placed at the level of these windows opposite thereto.

Measuring instrument for bioluminescence and chemilumnescence or

A method for measuring the radioactivity in eluates from liquid chromatography columns in which a portion of the eluate stream is split off and mixed with a scintillation fluid in a timed sequence wherein the volume of eluate and the volume of scintillation cocktail are quantitatively and reproduceably controlled. An apparatus for the practice of this method comprising a two-position valve on the affluent stream, a two-position valve on a pumped closed loop of scintillation cocktail a means for simultaneously setting the position of each valve and a mixing chamber discharging to a scintillation counter is also described. By the practice of this method, it is possible to determine the radioactivity of the eluate as well as to preserve a sample of the eluate for further analysis.

Method and apparatus for measuring the radioactivity in column eluates

Process for carrying out an analytical determination of the presence of a substance by means of chemiluminescence, comprising employing fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as a labelling agent, triggering a chemiluminescence reaction by adding an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, and measuring the emission of light.

Assays, including immunoassays with FITC label activated by sodium

A method for determining the quench corrected counting yield of samples which emit ionizing radiation that is subject to quenching in a liquid scintillation counter. The output signal of a photoelectric transducer device is used to measure the counting rates of the sample spectrum in different given pulse height ranges. A value characteristic for the quenching is derived from the measurement to determine a quench corrected counting a yield. The value characteristic for the quenching is derived by assigning a given numerical relationship between the counting rates in the different given pulse height ranges; choosing a shift parameter which when varied causes a relative shift between the given pulse height ranges, on the one hand, and the sample spectrum on the other hand; effecting the relative shift by varying the shift parameter until the counting rates take on the given numerical relationship; and determining the shift parameter value that produces the numerical relationship as the value characteristic for the quenching.

Method for quench correction in liquid scintillation counters

A method for photometrically measuring a reaction process at a darkened measuring station which contains a sample having an unknown quantity of a substance which acts as a reaction partner with a reagent. The sample is provided with a first reagent which acts as a reaction partner with a reaction partner present in the sample. A first photometric measurement of the sample is taken at the darkened measuring station to measure the reaction process between the first reagent and the reaction partner in the sample, and this first measurement is used for computation. At least one additional reagent which differs from the first reagent and which constitutes a further reaction partner is added to the sample at the darkened measuring station after the first photometric measurement. A photometric measurement of the sample is conducted after the addition of each additional reagent and during the course of a reaction between reaction partners then present. The unknown quantity of the substance in the sample is determined from all the measured values. The first reagent can be added to the sample prior to transferring the sample to the darkened measuring station or can be added to the sample at the darkened measuring station.

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Pforzheim, Germany

Fritz Berthold