Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh

Karlsruher Institut Fur Technologie

Friedhelm Weirich

Edmund Henrich

Eckhard Dinjus

Reinhold Hufner

Klaus Raffelt

Method for fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose including: mechanically comminuting the lignocellulose to lignocellulose particles; at least one of completely drying and preheating the lignocellulose particles; mixing the lignocellulose particles with heat transfer particles so as to provide a mixture; heating the heat transfer particles, prior to the mixing, to a temperature between 500&#xb0; C. and 650&#xb0; C.; and heating, in a pyrolysis reactor with oxygen excluded, the lignocellulose particles using the heat transfer particles so as to establish a temperature between 400&#xb0; C. and 600&#xb0; C. for 1 to 50 seconds and so as to react the lignocellulose particles so as to provide pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate, and pyrolysis gas.

Method for the rapid pyrolysis of lignocellulose

A method is provided for producing and preparing fast pyrolysis products from a biomass for entrained-flow pressure gasification that includes: heating of the biomass under exclusion of oxygen in a pyrolysis reactor, a temperature of between 400 to 600&#xb0; C. being established for one to 50 seconds, such that the biomass reacts to form porous pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas; and drawing off the pyrolysis gas; condensing vaporous constituents of the pyrolysis condensate in a plurality of condensation stages so as to: condense, in a first condensation stage, at temperatures above the dew point of water, a low-temperature carbonization tar from the vaporous constituents; and condense and separate at temperatures between 0&#xb0; C. and the dew point of water, in at least one subsequent condensation stage, an aqueous solution of oxygen containing organic compounds.

Method for producing and preparing fast pyrolysis products from biomass for an entrained-flow pressure gasification

Process for separating the noble fission gases xenon and krypton from a prepurified waste gas from a nuclear plant. The prepurified waste gas is brought into contact with liquid Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 as an absorption agent in a first column at an operating pressure which is less than or equal to normal pressure, whereby Xe, Kr, N.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2, O.sub.2 and N.sub.2 are absorbed by the agent. Subsequently, the liquid absorption agent containing the absorbed gases is heated to substantially the boiling temperature of Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 at the operating pressure for vaporizing part of the liquid absorption agent and desorbing the absorbed Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 to thereby separate the Kr and Xe from one another. The desorbed Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 gases are separated from the vaporized absorption agent. The liquid absorption agent which has not been vaporized is treated to recover Xe, N.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2. Waste gas containing Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 from the head of the first column is brought into contact with liquid Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 as an absorption agent in a second column, at an operating pressure which is less than or equal to normal pressure, whereby Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 are absorbed. Subsequently, the liquid absorption agent in the second column containing the absorbed Kr, N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 is heated to substantially the boiling temperature of the Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 at the operating pressure for vaporizing part of the liquid absorption agent and desorbing the absorbed N.sub.2 and O.sub.2. The liquid Cl.sub.2 CF.sub.2 which has not been vaporized is treated to recover Kr. An apparatus is provided for performing the process.

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Neuthard, Germany

Friedhelm Weirich