Calspan Corporation

Frederick W Kiefer

Raymond J Dennison

James R Ort

Douglas L Lange

Ditmar H Bock

Marjorie A Rude

A fingerprint identification system from a gray scale image of the fingerprint includes the steps of converting fingerprint image into a digitized gray scale image, enhancing gray scale to provide uniform contrast over entire fingerprint image, down-sampling the contrast enhanced image to limit the number of pixels analyzed, generating a gradient map of the fingerprint image, defining a calculation kernel over which ridge angle determination is made by reference to gradient map, causing the calculation kernel to traverse over gradient map in a predetermined increment over pixels comprising the fingerprint image, smoothing the ridge angle map using the process of Fourier filtering, and smoothing the image quality map using the process of erosion and dilation. The ridge angle map and image quality maps are recorded. The frequency of ridges of a fingerprint image is determined by establishing at each selected pixel a line perpendicular to ridge flow, establishing a plurality of lines parallel to perpendicular line placed on both sides of perpendicular line of selected pixel, sampling a predetermined number of pixels along the perpendicular lines, averaging sample of each line, determining frequency of ridges by calculating power spectrum from a Fourier transform.

Fingerprint identification system

In a method for comparing one fingerprint to another, there is recorded for each fingerprint the location and angle of minutiae along with a quality measure of each minutiae, and the core and delta location along with the local average image. An image state map defining high quality image areas with and without minutiae and areas of low image quality is also recorded. In matching fingerprints, ridge angle maps are used to align fingerprint images, then state maps are compared, followed by a comparison of minutiae locations. Fingerprints are scored according to closeness of match using a dual hypothesis technique where corresponding areas on file prints and candidate prints are provided with a positive score based when there is correspondence between good quality areas containing minutiae and good quality areas containing no minutiae, and a negative score is generated when minutiae are present in a good quality area in one fingerprint and where no minutiae are present in the corresponding good quality area in the other fingerprint.

A method for locating minutia in a gray scale image of a fingerprint using a pair of filters, called 'Gabor' and 'Minutia' filters, includes determining direction and spacing of ridges at regularly spaced pixels, aligning filters by ridge direction, determining outputs of filters where Gabor Filter has high level output when in parallel ridge flow and, due to phase discontinuity at a minutia, low level output when in neighborhood of a minutia. The Minutia filter exhibits opposite phenomenon, having low level output in parallel ridge flow and high output in neighborhood of a minutia. A method for creating a state map of a fingerprint includes determining image quality, identifying minutia locations, determining areas of good quality where minutia are present, areas of good quality where no minutia are present and areas where quality is below a predetermined value to reliably determine presence or absence of minutia. A method for determining location of, associating, and determining number of ridges between cores and deltas in digitized gray scale of a fingerprint image by Direct Estimation of Orientated Patterns includes determining ridge angle and frequency at regularly spaced pixels, computing gradients of ridge angles, ordering gradient according to size, creating vector field of image, measuring curling of vector field, locating cores and deltas, tracing path of constant value ridge angle between deltas and cores, calculating line integral of vector frequency along straight line from delta to core.

The present invention is a Multiple Target Doppler Tracker which tracks a plurality of components, including debris and submunitions of a munition burst apart above the ground. A plurality of transmitters transmits constant frequency (CW) signals towards the burst event of the munition and a plurality of receivers receive the signals reflected from the components. The signals received by the receivers are processed into frequency spectra. The spectra are analyzed to determine the path of a selected number of components. Using the path information the selected components are tracked with tracking devices.

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Williamsville, NY, United States of America

Frederick W Kiefer