Earth Science Laboratories

Freddie L Singleton

David A Nicholas

Reid Henry Bowman

John A Hatten, Jr

David Hammond

Emerentiana Sianawati

Douglas Brian Mckenzie

Jeffrey Alan Keiser

Nam Tran

Murray Raymond Jones

Subhash Nair

The present disclosure provides an improved scale inhibiting formulation that is effective, environmentally friendly, and does not add any organic compounds or traditional polymeric compounds to treated water. The scale inhibiting composition includes molecular clusters of polyammonium bisulfate (PABS), which can interact physically, chemically, or physio-chemically with one or more ions in the water or water-containing system being treated. That interaction inhibits scale accretion and/or removes previously formed scale.

Method for controlling accretion of scale

Disclosed herein are clusters compounds that include at least one substituted amine sulfate and at least one substituted amine bisulfate molecule. The substituted amine sulfate molecule and the substituted amine bisulfate molecule may each include an ammonium moiety with at least one alkyl substituent. Optionally, the alkyl substituent can include 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or 1 to 6 carbon atoms. For example, the alkyl substituent can be a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl group. In some examples, the substituted amine sulfate molecule and the substituted amine bisulfate molecule each include an ammonium moiety with at least two alkyl substituents. Optionally, the two alkyl substituents are the same. Alternatively, however, the two alkyl substituents can be different.

Cluster compounds and methods of making the same

Described herein are methods of applying metals to substrates, where the methods include contacting the substrate with an aqueous metal plating composition comprising polyammonium bisulfate ('PABS') and a dissolved metal or salt thereof. The methods allow application of metals to the substrate without need for electrical energy input or for an added chemical catalyst, chelating agent, complexing agent, reducing agent, stabilizer, or pH-modifying (or controlling) chemical compound.

Method to coat metals onto surfaces

A base product fluid is produced by adding anhydrous liquid ammonia and a first portion of sulfuric acid to water in a process line to form a mixed fluid. The mixed fluid may be cooled and a second portion of sulfuric acid may be added to the mixed fluid to form the base product fluid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH)SO).(HSO).(HO).(NHHSO). In the formula, a may be between 1 and 5, b may be between 1 and 5, c may be between 0 and 5, and x may be between 1 and 20.

Chelating base product for use in water-based system treatments

An agriculture treatment solution may include one or more metal salts and a base product fluid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH)SO).(HSO).(HO).(NHHSO). In the formula, a may be between 1 and 5, b may be between 1 and 5, c may be between 1 and 5, and x may be between 1 and 10. The agriculture treatment solution may be formed by adding the one or more metal salts to the base product fluid and water. The agriculture treatment solution may be added to an agricultural crop to deliver at least one of the metal salts to the agricultural crop. The at least one metal salt may be a micronutrient for the agricultural crop.

Agriculture treatment solution with chelating base product

A base product fluid is produced by adding anhydrous liquid ammonia and a first portion of sulfuric acid to water in a process line to form a mixed fluid. The mixed fluid may be cooled and a second portion of sulfuric acid may be added to the mixed fluid to form the base product fluid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH)SO).(HSO).(HO).(NHHSO). In the formula, a may be between 1 and 5, b may be between 1 and 5, c may be between 1 and 5, and x may be between 1 and 10.

A water treatment solution may include a metal salt and a base product fluid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH)SO).(HSO).(HO).(NHHSO). In the formula, a may be between 1 and 5, b may be between 1 and 5, c may be between 1 and 5, and x may be between 1 and 10. The water treatment solution may be formed by adding the metal salt to the base product fluid and water. The water treatment solution may be added to water in need of treatment. The water in need of treatment may be a static body of water.

Water treatment solution with chelating base product

A base product fluid is produced by adding anhydrous liquid ammonia and a first portion of sulfuric acid to water flowing in a process line to form a mixed fluid. The mixed fluid may be cooled by flowing the mixed fluid through a heat exchanger. A second portion of sulfuric acid may be added to the mixed fluid to form the base product fluid. The second portion of sulfuric acid may be greater, by weight, than the first portion of sulfuric acid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH)SO).(HSO).(HO).(NHHSO).

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Fruit Cove, FL, United States of America

Freddie L Singleton