Motorola Corporation

Freescale Semiconductor,inc.

Fred V Richard

Karen E Jachimowicz

Michael S Lebby

Diana C Chen

Davis H Hartman

John W Stafford

Barbara M Foley

Phil Wright

Fred S Hickernell

Paige M Holm

James E Jaskie

Frederick Y Cho

William M Peterson

Rong-Ting Huang

Earnest J Johnson

Ronald J Nelson

Lawrence N Dworsky

George N Maracas

Huinan J Yu

Scott R Novis

Joyce K Yamamoto

George R Kelly

Kathleen Anne Tobin

Barbara Foley Barenburg

Marc H Wildy

Louis E Silverstein

High quality epitaxial layers of monocrystalline materials () can be grown overlying monocrystalline substrates () such as large silicon wafers by forming a compliant substrate for growing the monocrystalline layers. An accommodating buffer layer () comprises a layer of monocrystalline oxide spaced apart from a silicon wafer by an amorphous interface layer () of silicon oxide. The amorphous interface layer dissipates strain and permits the growth of a high quality monocrystalline oxide accommodating buffer layer. Any lattice mismatch between the accommodating buffer layer and the underlying silicon substrate is taken care of by the amorphous interface layer. In addition, formation of a compliant substrate may include utilizing surfactant enhanced epitaxy and epitaxial growth of single crystal silicon onto single crystal oxide materials. A microresonator device is formed overlying the monocrystalline substrate. Portions or an entirety of the microresonator device can also overly the accommodating buffer layer, or the monocrystalline material layer.

Structure and method for fabricating semiconductor microresonator devices

The transceivers of the present invention use orthogonal coupling, i.e., perpendicular to the substrate, for a single fiber implementation of a transceiver incorporating both a VCSEL and a detector. The methods of the present invention include aligning and bonding a substrate wafer to a coupling wafer, prior to dicing the resultant compound wafer.

Orthogonal coupled transceiver

A teleconference system including a plurality of personal presence cells positioned at a local communication site and at a remote communication site. The plurality of personal presence cells are characterized as either sensor cells or display cells. The sensor cells include at least one video camera positioned to sense and transmit an image of the local participant, and an image screen positioned to reflect an image of the local participant toward the at least one video camera and for viewing of an image through the screen. The display cells each include at least one projection display positioned to display a multi-dimensional image of a remote participant on a display screen. A transmission link interfaces the plurality of personal presence cells positioned at the local communication site and the plurality of presence cells positioned at the remote communication site.

Teleconference system with personal presence cells

A front illumination device for illuminating a reflective liquid crystal display cell ( ) having a light source ( ), a light guide ( ), and a light coupling element ( ). The light guide ( ) has a thin plate element configured to receive light along an edge surface ( ) thereof at an angle such that a majority of the light is totally internally reflected from the front surface ( ) of the light guide ( ). The light coupling element ( ) has a thin plate element having a front surface ( ) that is in contact with the back surface ( ) of planar light guide ( ). The front surface ( ) of the light coupling element ( ) has a plurality of cavities ( ) disposed therein. Light impinging the interfaces ( ) between cavities ( ) and the back surface ( ) is totally internally reflected within light guide ( ). Light impinging the interfaces ( ) between the cavities is transmitted into light coupling element ( ) and is allowed to impinge a pixel (48A-48K) of liquid crystal display cell ( ) which selectively rotates the polarization according to the selected state of the pixel and reflects the light back through the front surface ( ) of light guide ( ) for viewing by the user. A method of manufacturing the light coupling element ( ) includes depositing a mask on the <100> surface of a silicon substrate ( ), preferentially etching the substrate ( ) and applying metallization to the etched substrate ( ) to form a mold master having an extremely fine intercavity pitch.

Front illuminator for a liquid crystal display and method of making same

A front illumination device for illuminating a reflective liquid crystal display cell ( ) having a light source ( ), a light guide ( ), and a light coupling element ( ). The light guide ( ) has a thin plate element configured to receive light along an edge surface ( ) thereof at an angle such that a majority of the light is totally internally reflected from the front surface ( ) of the light guide ( ). The light coupling element ( ) has a thin plate element having a front surface ( ) that is in contact with the back surface ( ) of planar light guide ( ). The front surface ( ) of the light coupling element ( ) has a plurality of cavities ( ) disposed therein. Light impinging the interfaces ( ) between cavities ( ) and the back surface ( ) is totally internally reflected within light guide Light impinging the interfaces ( ) between the cavities is transmitted into light coupling element ( ) and is allowed to impinge a pixel ( A- K) of liquid crystal display cell ( ) which selectively rotates the polarization according to the selected state of the pixel and reflects the light back through the front surface ( ) of light guide ( ) for viewing by the user. A method of manufacturing the light coupling element ( ) includes depositing a mask on the <100> surface of a silicon substrate ( ), preferentially etching the substrate ( ) and applying metallization to the etched substrate ( ) to form a mold master having an extremely fine intercavity pitch.

An optical display system for magnifying the image of a liquid crystal display cell (,) used in a portable electronic device (,) such as a cellular phone or smart card reader having a light focusing and deflecting array (,), a light coupling element (,) and a magnifying lens element (,). The light focusing and deflecting array (,) includes an array of lenslets (,) that receive light rays from the liquid crystal display cell (,) and impart an angular component to the light rays. The magnitude of this angular component increases moving radially outward along the light focusing and deflecting array. The light coupling element (,) couples the deflected light rays to the magnifying lens element without substantial refraction thereof. The magnifying lens element (,) has a unitary lens having a biaxial gradient index of refraction, which causes the light rays to be bent initially outward then inward. The combination of light focusing and deflecting array (,), light coupling element (,) and magnifying lens element (,) produce a magnified image of liquid crystal display cell (,) within a very low profile package.

Gradient index magnifying lens

A method of fabricating one or more arrays of bio-molecule test sites including providing a solution containing bio-molecule probes in contact with the surface of a substrate, using orthogonal acoustic waves to concentrate the bio-molecule probes at a node intersection, bonding the bio-molecule probes on the substrate at the node intersection to form a test site, and removing the solution leaving the bio-molecule probes attached to the surface at the test site. The steps are repeated as often as desired, using different bio-molecule probes, to produce one or more arrays of test sites.

Method of fabricating bio-chip arrays

Portable communication equipment having a virtual display including display electronics and optics for providing a virtual image in the display, a virtual control panel image viewable in the virtual display as a portion of the virtual image and cursor electronics connected to the display electronics for producing a manually controllable cursor virtual image in the display. The virtual image control panel is connected to be operable with the cursor virtual image and further connected to operate the portable communication equipment. Manual controls, connected to the cursor electronics for controlling the position and function of the cursor virtual image, are mounted on the portable communication equipment and externally accessible by an operator.

Manually controllable cursor and control panel in a virtual image

An integrated electro-optical package including an array composed of a substrate having defined thereon a plurality of unit cells, composed of active and inactive areas. The substrate having positioned thereon a major surface, a plurality of sub-arrays and driver/control circuits. The sub-arrays, defining the active area formed within each unit cell, and being composed of a plurality of light emitting devices. The driver/control circuits mounted to the substrate within the inactive area of each unit cell. The electro-optical package fabricated to allow for scanning of the active area of each unit cell to create a resultant integrated image of increased resolution, without an increase in the number of pixels formed by the light emitting devices of the sub-arrays.

Display with inactive portions and active portions, and having drivers

A dual mode optical magnifier system (22) including a plurality of multi-order diffractive optical elements (24) having at least one reflective, refractive and conventional diffractive surface formed thereon, that in combination are operable between a low magnification virtual image display mode (26) and a high magnification virtual image display mode (28). The multi-order diffractive optical elements (24) include a plurality of zones defined by P.times.2.pi., where P is an integer. The use of multi-order diffractive optical elements (24) enables the elements (24) to be very planar and compact in form so as to be incorporated into portable electronic equipment (40 and 60) such as cellular telephones, pagers, smart card readers (20), computers, or the like, while enabling the desired magnification level to be achieved.

Dual mode optical Magnifier system

An integrated electro-optical package (50) including an optically transparent substrate (10) with an array (15) of light emitting devices (LEDs) (12) thereon, cooperating to generate a complete image, thereby forming a LED display chip (14). The LEDs (12) are positioned in rows and columns and having electrical connections adjacent outer edges of the substrate (10). A molded base (30), having embedded electrical conductors (31) for cooperating with the LEDs (12) of the LED display chip (14) and further having a refractive or diffractive lens (60) formed within a central opening (35), in alignment with the array (15) of LEDs (12) of the LED display chip (14) and on a side opposite the mounting of the LED display chip (14), thereby capable of magnifying the image and producing an easily viewable virtual image. A driver substrate (55) having electrical connections for interfacing with the molded base (30). A plurality of driver circuits (57) connected to the molded base (30) and LEDs (12) through electrodes on the driver substrate (55).

Integrated electro-optical package

A visual display system, composed of an array of light emitting devices, forming an image source, a phase spatial light modulator scanner, driver/control circuitry and an optical magnification system. The display system being enclosed within a housing, thereby forming an optical magnifier. The phase spatial light modulator scanner is operative in either a transmissive mode or a reflective mode. In operation, an external stimulus, such as a voltage, is applied to the scanner, thereby changing the phase of light emitted therethrough. The scanning action enhances display resolution of the generated resultant image without an increase in the number of pixels of the image source. The phase spatial light modulator scanner operates by scanning sub-pixels, pixel groups, and/or sub-arrays of the image source.

Visual display system for display resolution enhancement

A phase spatial light modulator composed of a first liquid crystal cell and one or more additional liquid crystal cells. Each of the liquid crystal cells is positioned so that their extraordinary optical axis (N.sub.e) lies orthogonal to the next liquid crystal cell, and the group of cells is positioned along the optical axis of light emitted by an image source. The modulator, or scanner, thereby capable of steering substantially 100% of unpolarized light therethrough. The modulator intended for use within a display system additionally composed of an image source, driver/control circuitry and an optical magnification system. In operation, an external stimulus is applied, such as a voltage supplied by an external power source, thereby spatially changing the phase of light emitted therethrough. The scanning action enhances display resolution of the generated resultant image without an increase in the number of pixels of the image source.

Nematic liquid crystal phase spatial light modulator for enhanced

An integrated electro-optical package (50) including a light emitting device (LED) display chip (14), with an array (15) of light emitting devices (LEDs) (12) formed thereon and cooperating to generate a complete image. The LEDs (12) are positioned in rows and columns and connected to connection/mounting pads (22) adjacent outer edges of the chip (14). An opaque mounting substrate (30) having a central opening (35). A driver substrate (55) having mounting pads (34), bump bonded to a plurality of pads (33) and (34) on the mounting substrate (30). A plurality of driver circuits (57) connected to the LEDs (12) through terminals on the driver substrate (55). A lens (60) mounted to the mounting substrate (30) over the array (15) of LEDs (12) and on a side opposite the LED display chip (14) to magnify, or serve as one element of an optical magnifier system, the complete image and produce an easily viewable virtual image.

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Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America

Fred V Richard