Degussa Aktiengesellschaft

Infineon Technologies Ag

Roche Diagnostics Gmbh

Bayer Aktiengesellschaft

Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Clariant Corporation

Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler

Dsm Fine Chemicals Austria Gmbh

Julich Chiral Solutions Gmbh

Deutsche Institute Fur Textilund Faserforschung Denkendorf

Franz Effenberger

Harald Wajant

Karlheinz Drauz

Guenter Schmid

Marcus Halik

Hagen Klauk

Ute Zschieschang

Thomas Beisswenger

Reiner Fischer

Axel Kleemann

Gerhard Zoller

Jurgen Martens

Helmut Schwab

Paul Scherberich

Frank Hermanutz

Frank Buckel

Christoph Kratky

Ernst Steiner

Markus Schutz

Siegfried Förster

Jurgen Roos

J&uuml;rgen Roos

Willi Streicher

Jurgen Kuhlwein

Thomas Ziegler

Siegfried Foerster

Dieter Steegmuller

Ulrike Wagner

Peter Lauble

Siegfried F&ouml;rster

Holger Buhler

Bettina Kirschbaum

Goetz Wilbert

Steffen Seifritz

Steffen Maisch

Michael Schweizer

Andreas Fritz

Myadagmaa Rentsenlkhundev

Embodiments of the invention provide a semiconductor component and a method of manufacture thereof. A semiconductor component comprises: a gate electrode layer adjacent a substrate, and a gate dielectric layer adjacent the gate electrode layer. The gate dielectric layer comprises a monolayer of at least one compound, wherein the compound has an aromatic or a condensed aromatic molecular group. The molecular group is capable of &#x3c0;-&#x3c0; interactions, which stabilize the monolayer. In an embodiment, the semiconductor component is an organic field effect transistor (OFET). In an embodiment of the invention, a method includes forming the monolayer using a liquid phase immersion process.

Compound used to form a self-assembled monolayer, layer structure, semiconductor component having a layer structure, and method for producing a layer structure

A capacitor is formed that includes a self-organized monolayer of an organic compound between two electrodes.

Capacitor with a dielectric including a self-organized monolayer of an organic compound

The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydroxynitrile lyases. A process is provided whereby hydroxynitrile lyases may be produced by cultivation in bacteria or suitable host cells. Cells containing a gene encoding for a hydroxynitrile lyase may be precultivated, induced with a low concentration of IPTG, cultured, and lysed. The process allows for the production of relatively large quantities of hydroxynitrile lyases in a dissolved, native, and active form, and without the presence of substantial amounts of inclusion bodies, and thus allowing for the production of the lyases without requiring expensive and time consuming renaturation steps.

Process for producing hydroxynitrile lyases

The invention concerns a process for coating a metallic or semimetallic surface in which coating molecules containing reactive groups are bound covalently to the surface by irradiation with light and it also concerns a structured coated surface.

Coated biosensor

Process for preparing optically active cyanohydrins and secondary products

The invention relates to a process for the stereoselective preparation of cyclohexylcyanohydrins by reaction of 4-substituted cyclohexanones with a cyanide source in the presence of an oxynitrilase.

Method for stereoselective production of substituted cyclohexylanhydrins

Process for coating surfaces

(S)-Hydroxynitrile lyases which have an improved substrate acceptance and which are derived from the,and,(S)-hydroxynitrile lyases, wherein one or more bulky amino acid residues within the hydrophobic channel leading to the active center have been replaced with less bulky amino acid residues.

(S)-hydroxynitrile lyases with improved substrate acceptance and their use

A method for producing (S)-cyanohydrins of general formula ##STR1## in which R and R' independently represent (1) hydrogen; (2) a substituted or unsubstituted saturated alkyl group which may include amine, imine, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, halogen, carboxyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl groups and/or a N,O,S-heteroatom-substituted aromatic ring as substituent; (3) a substituted or unsubstituted, singly or multiply unsaturated alkenyl- or alkinyl group which may include one or several amine, imine, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, halogen, carboxyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl groups and/or one optionally N,O,S-heteroatom-substituted aromatic ring as substituents; (4) a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group. The method includes an enzyme-catalyzed conversion of carbonyl compounds of general formula II ##STR2## with hydrogen cyanide or a substance supplying hydrogen cyanide or CN- for the conversion in the presence of an amount of an immobilized (S)-oxynitrilase which catalyzes the conversion. The use of nitrocellulose as carrier for the immobilized (S)-oxynitrilase results in a distinct increase of the yield of (S)-cyanohydrin and of the enantiomeric excess compared to the traditional cellulose carrier material.

Method of producing (S)-cyanohydrins

Aryl-(1-phthalimido)-alkyl ketones of the general formula ##STR1## are prepared by reacting a suitable aromatic compound with ##STR2## at least one hydrogen atom on the aromatic nucleus in an inert solvent and in the presence of iron-(III)-chloride with an N-phthaloyl-2-amino carboxylic acid chloride of the general formula ##STR3## They can be converted into corresponding 2-phenethanolamines or 2-phenethylamines by reduction of the keto group.

Method of preparing aryl-(1-phthalimido)-alkyl ketones

Optically active cyanohydrins are produced by the reaction of an aldehyde with hydrocyanic acid in the presence of D-oxynitrilase (E.C.4.1.2.10). The reaction takes place in an organic solvent which is not miscible with water, but which is saturated with water or an aqueous buffer solution.

Process for the production of optically active cyanohydrins

There are produced 2-isocyanato-2,3-dehydrocarboxylic acid esters of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a straight chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group, a phenyl group or a benzyl group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a methyl group and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a straight chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 -alkyl group, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylmercapto group or a phenyl group by reacting a 2-azido-carboxylic acid ester of the general formula: ##STR2## in an inert solvent at a temperature between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C. with phosgene or diphosgene in the presence of a perrhenate. The compounds of general formula (I) can be converted into the corresponding Z- or BOC-protected 2,3-dehydro-2-amino-carboxylic acid ester with benzyl alcohol or with tert. butyl alcohol, which esters in turn are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of dehydropeptides.

Process for the production of 2-isocyanato-2,3-dehydrocarboxylic acid

Fluorine-substituted aromatic compounds are obtained by reacting the corresponding nitro compound with a salt of hydrofluoric acid in the presence of an acid halide.

Preparation of fluorine-substituted aromatic compounds

The subject matter of the invention are S-substituted 2-azido-3-mercapto-propionic acid esters of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a methyl or ethyl group and R.sup.2 is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group or a benzyl group, and a process for their production by reaction of a methyl or ethyl ester of 2-chloroacrylic acid with a corresponding thiol to form an S-substituted 2-chloro-3-mercapto-propionic acid ester and subsequently exchanging the chlorine atom with an azido group as well as use of the compounds of formula (I) as intermediate products in the production of D,L-cysteine or derivatives of D,L-cysteine.

S-substituted 2-azido-3-mercapto-propionic acid ester and process for

L-proline is produced from the methyl or ethyl ester of L-pyroglutamic acid by reacting this with at least twice the molar amount of phosgene to form the corresponding 1-chlorocarbonyl-5,5-dichloroproline ester, producing the corresponding 2-chloro-1-chlorocarbonyl-pyrrolin-(2)-carboxylic acid ester-(5) therefrom by splitting off hydrogen chloride, catalytically hydrogenating the pyrrolin-(2) compound to the corresponding N-chlorocarbonyl-proline ester and hydrolyzing the latter with acid to form L-proline.

Process for the production of L-proline

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Stuttgart, Germany

Franz Effenberger