Manchem Limited

Frank S Holland

Peter Womersley

John Curran

A process for the direct recovery of tin, as an organo hydrocarbyl tin compound, from reduced but unrefined tin ores and ore slags is described, wherein the ore is reacted directly with a hydrocarbyl halide to form an organo hydrocarbyl tin compound which can then easily be removed and separated from the tin-depleted ore residue.

Extraction of tin from its ores

A process is disclosed for the direct production of organotin halides, particularly triorganotin halides by the reaction of elemental tin and an organotin halide in the presence of a reagent amount of an `onium compound of the general formula Cat.sup.+ X.sup.-. Cat.sup.+ X.sup.- may represent a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium group or a ternary sulphonium group, or may also represent a complex of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal with a polyoxygen compound. High yields of triorganotin halide product are obtained in contrast to results of reactions wherein Cat.sup.+ X.sup.- is present in only catalytic amounts.

Production of organotin halides

The apparatus of this invention comprises an electrolysis cell with an electrolyte system having at least two phases, one of which is aqueous while another is aqueous immiscible, and wherein the inter-facial current passage is ionic rather than electronic.

Apparatus for electrolysis using two electrolytically conducting phases

A method and apparatus are described for electrolyzing a tin-containing electrolyte using an electrolysis system having at least two immiscible electrolyte phases and wherein the electric current is passed between electrodes respectively disposed solely in one of the electrolytes. More than two electrolytes may be used.

Electrolysis of tin complexes

An electrolysis system and method are disclosed having at least two electrolyte phases, one of which is aqueous and another of which is aqueous-immiscible wherein the inter-facial current passage is ionic rather than electronic. Electrode contact with such electrolytes is limited to a single electrolyte for each electrode. The system can be used for the production of elemental metals from compounds containing the same, for the purification of impure metals, and for the conducting of electrolytic redox reactions with water-immiscible species.

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Hazel Grove Stockport, United Kingdom

Frank S Holland