The Boc Group, Inc.

Linde Aktiengesellschaft

Messer Industries Usa, Inc.

Other

Questair Technologies Inc.

Linde North America, Inc.

Tricat Management Gmbh

Linde Gmbh

Frank R Fitch

Adeola Florence Ojo

Martin Bulow

Dongmin Shen

Martin B&uuml;low

Divyanshu R Acharya

Sudhakar R Jale

Satish S Tamhankar

Craig S Gittleman

Ravi Kumar Jain

Arthur I Shirley

Alberto I LaCava

Qing Min Wang

Yongxian Zeng

Apurva Maheshwary

Shuguang Deng

Philip Connolly

Bowie Gordon Keefer

Ravi Kumar

Donald L MacLean

Naresh J Suchak

Matthew L Babicki

Yaping Lu

Andrea C Gibbs

Narayanan Ramprasad

John Robert Ambriano

Steven Finley

Vijay Ramanand Balse

Baldur Unger

Alfons Brandt

Miu Ling Lau

Chang Jie Guo

Ramakrishnan Ramachandran

Donald P Satchell, Jr

Ron C Lee

Kirk Walton Limbach

Norberto O Lemcoff

Loc H Dao

Mark J Andrecovich

Virginia A Malik

Shain-Jer Doong

Alberto I La Cava

Silvia Beatriz Dougill

Ambrogio Gusberti

Martin Bülow

Richard Henry Clarke

Hartmut Tschritter

Bao-Lian Su

Helge Toufar

Rudolph J Wolf

Jerry Y S Lin

Andrew Richardson

Hyun Sook P Cordes

Francisco Huertas

Zhixiong Cha

Karl Seff

Ravi Subramanian

Jean-Luc Blin

Alberto I IaCava

Jonathan Paul Brooks

Heinz-Dieter Obermeyer

Simone Toufar

Philip Kenerick Maher

Blake Stapper

Alberto I Lacava

A process and apparatus for regenerating a spent acid stream or other stream, such as a spent acid stream or other stream containing sulfur, by decomposing the spent sulfuric acid stream and/or other sulfur-containing streams to recover sulfur dioxide from the stream. Also provided is a process for preparing sulfuric acid from the sulfur dioxide recovered by the apparatus and process.

Process and apparatus for acid regeneration

A method for producing ozone is disclosed. The ozone is separated by an adsorbent separation system from a mixture of oxygen and ozone. The adsorbent separation system operates by adsorbing ozone at higher pressures, then desorbing the ozone at normal pressures. Increased ozone concentrations result from these steps while the oxygen component can be recovered and used in producing the mixture of oxygen and ozone.

Methods for producing ozone

A method of continuous ozone production using a system of four absorbent beds to separate an ozone and oxygen gas mixture generated in an ozone generator. The beds are operated according to an offset sequence of cycles. Oxygen passing through the beds is at least partially recycled for use in further ozone generation. The concentration of oxygen in the ozone product can be reduced using the system to make it suitable for use in fine chemical applications.

Recovery of oxygen used in ozone production

A method for the continuous production of ozone and recovery of oxygen in a purge cycle adsorption process having four adsorbent beds. The method has the steps of feeding a mixture of ozone and oxygen to a first and second adsorbent bed wherein the first and the second adsorbent bed adsorb ozone and allow oxygen to pass through; recovering the oxygen from the first bed; feeding the oxygen from the second bed to a fourth adsorbent bed, wherein ozone is desorbed from the fourth bed; feeding clean dry air through a valve to the third adsorbent bed, and measuring the flow rate of the clean dry air through the valve, comparing this flow rate to a pre-calculated value and adjusting the flow rate of the clean dry air to equal the pre-calculated value; desorbing ozone from the third bed; and recovering ozone from the third bed and the fourth bed.

Methods for producing ozone and oxygen mixtures

A method for the partial removal of contaminants such as nitrogen oxides from a process gas stream is described. The process gas stream is separated into at least two process gas streams by means of a partition, baffle, damper or other device. Ozone is fed into contact with at least one of the separated process gas streams to oxidize the contaminants therein and the at least one of the process gas streams contacted by ozone is fed to a scrubber for removal of the oxidized contaminants from the gas streams. The separation is proportional to the percentage removal of contaminants desired.

Methods for removing contaminants from gas streams

A method for separating ozone from a mixture of oxygen and ozone by feeding the mixture to at least one adsorbent bed containing an adsorbent material for adsorbing ozone. The adsorbent bed can be one of four adsorbent beds in a continuous adsorption cycle for producing ozone recycling the non-adsorbed oxygen together with make-up oxygen to the ozone generator or using it as a purge gas. An external purge gas is used to desorb the ozone to the customer process. With four beds present, for most of the time, two beds are in adsorption mode while the other two beds are in regeneration/production mode.

Methods for separating ozone

A method for producing ozone for use in ozonolysis reactions. Oxygen is separated from the mixture of ozone and oxygen from an ozone generation unit and is fed back to the oxygen feed to the generation unit. Nitrogen is fed to the ozone separation unit and the mixture of nitrogen and ozone is fed to the ozonation reactor where the ozone will react with organic compounds to produce desired end products.

Methods for the ozonolysis of organic compounds

A method and apparatus for increasing the concentration of oxygen in the reaction medium present in the oxidation reactor. A volume of aqueous medium from the oxidation reactor is removed and pressurized and oxygen is added to it. The oxygen-rich volume of aqueous medium is then reintroduced into the oxidation reactor at an increased pressure to ensure adequate mixing with the aqueous medium having a lower content of oxygen.

Oxidation method and reactor

A method for producing carbon dioxide by the steps of feeding a CO-rich feed stream containing fuel gas to an oxygenated oxygen-selective ceramic bed to produce a product stream of carbon dioxide, water, and residual oxygen; adding oxygen to this product stream and feeding to an oxygen-depleted oxygen-selective ceramic bed and recovering carbon dioxide substantially free of oxygen and fuel gas. In an additional embodiment, nitrogen oxides are also removed from the fuel gas.

Carbon dioxide production for enhanced oil recovery

A hydrogen storage system for storing hydrogen gas at elevated pressures and cryogenic temperatures is disclosed. The hydrogen gas is fed to a storage container which contains a physisorption type material and a volatile liquid container for liquid nitrogen. Cryogenic conditions are maintained within the storage container during the periods of storage and the periods where the hydrogen gas is removed from the storage system.

Methods for hydrogen storage and refrigeration

Production of oxygen-enriched gas streams is disclosed herein. Air streams contact an oxygen-selective mixed conductor particularly a perovskite material whereby oxygen is retained or adsorbed on the perovskite and can be employed in a variety of processes such as in combusting a fuel gas, heat recovery and boiler related operations.

Oxy-fuel combustion process

Disclosed embodiments address contaminant management challenges that arise during production of desirably contaminant free product fluid in the operation of PSA equipment, and further address the more serious challenges that arise under intermittent operation of PSA equipment. One disclosed embodiment of a PSA apparatus, intended primarily for normal operating cycle speeds of at least 3 cycles per minute, includes a breather fluidly coupled to a feed end of an adsorber with a contaminant-sensitive adsorbent. The breather can be coupled to the feed end through a shutoff valve closed during production and open during shutdown. Other disclosed embodiments of the PSA apparatus used particular sealing strategies for additional sealing of the apparatus, or at least components thereof, from contaminant ingress.

PSA with adsorbents sensitive to contaminants

Supported perovskite-type oxides are described. The perovskite-type oxides have the general formula of AA'BB&#x2032;O, wherein A is an ion of a metal of Group IIIa or IIIb of the periodic table of elements or mixtures thereof; A&#x2032; is an ion of a metal of Groups Ia or IIa of the periodic table or mixtures thereof; B and B&#x2032; are ions of a d-block transition metal of the periodic table or mixtures thereof; x, x&#x2032;, y and y&#x2032; vary from 0 to 1; 0.95&#x3c;x+x&#x2032;&#x3c;1.05; 0.95&#x3c;y+y&#x2032;&#x3c;1.05; &#x3b4; is the deviation from ideal oxygen stoichiometry. This invention also provides for the selection of support materials and the shapes of supported perovskite-type oxides as well as the methods for making them.

Supported perovskite-type oxides and methods for preparation thereof

Disclosed embodiments address contaminant management challenges that arise during production of desirably contaminant free product fluid in the operation of PSA equipment, and further address the more serious challenges that arise under intermittent operation of PSA equipment. One disclosed embodiment of a PSA apparatus, intended primarily for normal operating cycle speeds of at least 3 cycles per minute, includes a breather fluidly coupled to a feed end of an adsorber with a contaminant-sensitive adsorbent. The breather can be coupled to the feed end through a shutoff valve closed during production and open during shutdown. Other disclosed embodiments of the PSA apparatus used particular sealing strategies for additional sealing of the apparatus, or at least components thereof, from contaminant ingress. For example, one embodiment comprises a buffer seal for receiving a buffer gas having a contaminant vapor content substantially the same as or less than a product gas produced by a pressure swing adsorption process over the adsorbers. The buffer chamber may have flushing circulation provided by delivered product flow. As a second example of sealing strategy, a parking seal can be used that typically is engaged when the apparatus is parked. The parking seal can be used alone, or in combination with other contaminant management features. Embodiments of a method for reducing adsorbent degradation by contaminant adsorption while producing a product gas also are described comprising providing described embodiments of the PSA apparatus or system, and operating such PSA apparatus or system to produce a product gas. Various embodiments for operating a PSA apparatus and system during normal product delivery, shutdown, park and start up modes also are described.

Low silicon sodium X zeolite containing little or no sodium A zeolite as by-product, is prepared by direct synthesis from sodium ion-containing hydrogels, the crystallization step being carried out by maintaining the hydrogels at a temperature below about 70&deg; C., and preferably in the range of about 50 to about 70&deg; C. for the duration of the crystallization step. Preferably, the ratios of components in the solutions used to make the hydrogel are such that in the hydrogel the silica/alumina molar ratio will be in the range of about 2.25:1 to about 2.4:1; the sodium oxide to silica molar ratio will be in the range 1.6:1 to about 1.9:1; and the water to sodium oxide molar ratio will be greater than about 60:1.

Synthesis of low silicon sodium X zeolite

Growing community of inventors

Bedminster, NJ, United States of America

Frank R Fitch