Westvaco Corporation

Frank J Ball

David V Braddon

Lynden J Stryker

John R Powers

William G Vardell

Disclosed herein are compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are integers from 3 to 9, x and y together equal 12, one Z is hydrogen and the other Z is a carboxylic acid group, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are fatty acid groups. A process for introducing approximately one carboxylic acid group per triglyceride molecule in vegetable oils has been developed, and the resulting acid adduct forms soaps with attractive properties. The process comprises first conjugation of the double bonds of the nonconjugated polyunsaturated groups present in the fatty acid ester and elaidinization with a catalyst, such as iodine, and then adduct formation with acrylic acid to form the compounds of the general formula. This process also greatly stabilizes the triglyceride against atmospheric oxidation and polymerization reactions.

Vegetable oil adducts

A portland cement product with or without added gypsum is described in which carbon dioxide gas has been homogeneously reacted with the cement slurry during the water-cement mixing. The use of carbon dioxide in an amount from 0.1% to 6.0% by weight of ground cement controls setting and also results in hydraulic cement mixes which are more stable following hydration. The portland cement mixes of this invention may also include the addition of certain acids or acid/salts in amounts sufficient to improve fluidity and accelerate hydration and hardening of the cement products, in amounts from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight of said ground cement. Lignosulfonates and other water reducers may also be added.

Cement composition

Disclosed herein are low porosity aggregate-containing cement compositions comprising hydraulic cement containing substantially no calcium sulfate at least 0.1% alkali bicarbonate by weight based on dry ground cement, and at least 0.1% of a lignosulfonate or sulfonated lignin by weight based on dry ground cement, said aggregate-containing cement composition having been made at a water-to-cement ratio of between 0.4 and 0.15. Also, disclosed are methods for producing these low porosity aggregate-containing cements.

Low porosity aggregate-containing cement composition and process for

A method is disclosed for making low-porosity, free-flowing cement pastes with extended set times, improved workability and reduced expansion due to alkali aggregate reactions by combining hydraulic cements, especially portland-type cements, ground without gypsum with from 0.1 to about 1.0% of an alkali or alkaline earth lignosulfonate or sulfonated lignin, and 0.1 to 2.0% of an alkali bicarbonate, and combining with 20 to 40% water. Mixtures of aggregates with such low-porosity pastes made according to this process produce very workable mortars and concretes with extended set times and upon hardening have reduced expansion.

Growing community of inventors

Charleston, SC, United States of America

Frank J Ball