US Government As Represented by the Secretary of the Army

New York University

The United States of America As Represented by the Department of Health

Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limited

Frank Casper Tortella

Kenner C Rice

Amy Hauck Newman

Xi-Chun May Lu

Larry R Holmes, Jr

Jitendra Ramanlal Dave

Lai Yee Leung

Anthony Joseph Williams

Mark A DeCoster

Zachary J Larimore

Sylvia N Calderon

Jose M Musacchio

Deborah A Shear

Peter David Gluckman

Margaret Anne Brimble

Ronald L Hayes

Mark W Brown

Mark F Arnold

Kara E Schmid

Andrea Mountney

Zhiyong Chen

Changping Yao

Xi-Chun May

Zhilin Liao

Ka-Wang Kevin Wang

Douglas Wilson

Jed A Hartings

Jay E Bartlett

Divina Gryder

Mark P Easterday

Silvia N Calderon

An apparatus and method for inflicting brain injury on a laboratory animal that employs a platform for supporting the laboratory animal. The platform defines an opening for positioning the head of the laboratory animal over the opening. A projectile is launched from a projectile launching device orientated below the opening of the platform. The projectile launching device has a means for propelling the projectile directly at and/or through the opening of said platform, thereby inflicting brain injury on the animal via either a pressure wave or concussive impact of the projectile. Without helmet, direct impact of the projectile results in severe traumatic brain injury. Use of helmet protects animals from skull fracture, subdural hematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage and contusion yet produces mild concussion-like pathology.

Device and method for inducing brain injury in animal test subjects

A diagnostic tool and method of diagnosing brain injury and brain injury type (traumatic vs. ischemic) by detecting the level of expression of endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP-II) and comparing to a control. An increase of EMAP-II indicates the presence of traumatic brain injury and a decrease of EMAP-II indicates the presence of ischemic brain injury. Detection of EMAP-II can be done in brain tissue, biofluids such as cerebrospinal fluid or blood (including plasma and serum).

Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II, a biomarker for use in diagnosis of brain injury

Aspects of this invention include the use of G-2MePE to treat patients with brain injury characterized by non-convulsive seizures. G-2MePE is useful in treating brain injuries caused by traumatic brain injury, stroke, hypoxia/ischemia and toxic injury.

Treatment of non-convulsive seizures in brain injury using G-2-methyl-prolyl glutamate

Compositions having neuroprotective and analgesic activity

Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are alkyl of 1-8 carbons have been shown to have both neuroprotective and analgesic activities. The compounds of the invention may be used in treatment of conditions that would normally result in neuronal damage, including those arising on account of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia or increase in intracranial pressure such as neoplasms, stroke, meningitis or trauma. Compositions of the invention can also be useful for treatment of toxin-related damage such as drug over-dose or exposure to toxins in the environment.

The compounds belong to the class of non-narcotic, non-opiate derivatives the 1-phenylalkanecarboxylic acid basic structure useful as anticonvulsant and neuroprotective agents. The compounds include novel derivatives as well as previously published species. Methods for controlling convulsions in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations and modalities are also provided.

1-phenylalkanecarboxylic acid derivatives as anticonvulsant and

It has been discovered that certain (+)-3-substituted-N-alkylmorphinans are ffective anticonvulsant and neuroprotective agents. Novel compounds having these biological properties are presented in a method of use for preventing, treating or controlling convulsions in mammals having a need for such treatment. The compounds do not lead to dependency, have low toxicity, and provide effective anticonvulsant or neuroprotective treatment with little or no behavioral detriment to the recipient. A number of pharmacological formulations and methods of administering compounds of the invention are suitable for anticonvulsive or neuroprotective treatments.

(+)-3-substituted-N alkylmorphinans, synthesis and use as anticonvulsant

An anticonvulsant composition comprising as an active ingredient an amount effective for controlling seizures in mammals of a compound selected from the group consisting of dextromethorphan and other non-narcotic, non-addictive, low-toxicity compounds that bind to the same central nervous system sites as dextromethorphan. The composition may also contain an antiepileptic hydantoin, which is potentiated by said compound.

Anticonvulsant composition and method

Diphenylhydantoin and for dextromethorphan to control seizures.

Anticonvulsant compositions and method

Growing community of inventors

Columbia, MD, United States of America

Frank Casper Tortella