Clean Energy, Inc.

Other

Frank B Cramer

J Lawrence Semar

A system for preventing and suppressing fires and explosions is provided that fills the ullage spaces in fuel tanks with an inert gas that is generated by the operating system or facility. This insert gas is a combustion gas that is depleted of readily combustible oxygen and that is supplied at a pressure exceeding the ambient and displaces any oxygen in the ullage to a level that inhibits combustion in the fuel tank.

Fire safety system

A combined watch, elapsed time counter and pulse rate meter which is totally portable and worn as an ordinary wristwatch. The timer and pulse rate meter employ the precise timing elements such as a crystal oscillator of the digital watch. Using such precise timing elements, the human's pulse may be measured on a pulse by pulse basis and the instantaneous and average pulse values simultaneously displayed to allow a running comparison and noting of pulse aberrations. A novel pulse detector assembly is located on the inner face of the watch assembly.

Wrist borne pulse meter/chronometer

Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.

Apparatus for reducing ore

Apparatus for the processing of solid fuel hydrocarbons including a reactor for hydrogenation of the fuel reactant and a combustion reactor for oxidation of the residuum from the first reactor, the solid fuel reactant being dissolved in molten salt throughout its processing; and heat recovery means including a molten metal loop and a steam loop whereby the excess heat from the hydrogenation and oxidation reactors, present in the molten salt reaction matrix, is recovered in molten metal and transferred to the steam loop for energy production while avoiding cross contamination of the steam loop with salt from the reaction loop, and vice-versa.

Coal treatment apparatus

Steam generation with coal

A carbonaceous fuel reactant residuum, remaining following devolatilization of a solid fuel reactant such as coal and dissolved in molten salt is used to reduce group VIII metal ores.

Ore reduction using molten salts

Apparatus for effecting an hydrogenation of e.g. bituminous coal in dissolved state in molten inorganic salts with active hydrogen derived in situ from dissociated steam and recovery of hydrocarbon vapor products sequentially evolved throughout the reaction zone by progressively stripping later evolved vapors with earlier evolved vapors passed differentially through the reaction stream.

Solubilization and reaction of coal and like carbonaceous feedstocks to

A heat transfer-integrated hydrocarbon and heat energy producing system for coal treatment or like carbonaceous solid fuel reactant for the co-production of hydrocarbons and heat energy, this system including introducing a single phase molten salt solution of the reactant into a first reaction zone, generating active hydrogen by steam dissociation within the zone, contacting the reactant with the active hydrogen within the first zone and under hydrogenating conditions sufficient to hydrogenate the relatively more reactive 50 to 85% by weight portion of the reactant, separating overhead a stream comprising produced hydrocarbons and recovering the hydrocarbons; passing the first reaction zone effluent comprising a molten salt solution of the reactant to a second reaction zone, introducing an oxidizing gas into the solution in the zone under combustion conditions sufficient to substantially completely oxidize the unreacted reactant with the release of heat of combustion into the molten salt, passing combustion gases overhead from the second reaction zone, passing the molten salt second reaction zone effluent after transferring combustion heat therefrom back to the first reaction zone, adding fresh reactant to the effluent and repeating the hydrogenation and combustion cycle.

Coal treatment process and apparatus

Coal of the subanthracite type and like carbonaceous feedstocks of high molecular weight are soluble in molten inorganic salts while their hydrocarbon vapor hydrogenation products are not. The process and apparatus described utilizes these phenomena to effect an hydrogenation of e.g., bituminous coal in dissolved state in molten inorganic salt with active hydrogen derived in situ from dissociated steam and recovery of hydrocarbon vapor products sequentially evolved throughout the reaction zone by progressively stripping later evolved vapors with earlier evolved vapors passed differentially through the reaction stream thereby driving the hydrogenation reaction forward and collecting the coalesced vapors as product.

Growing community of inventors

Mission Hills, CA, United States of America

Frank B Cramer