Asea Brown Boveri Ag

Alstom Technology Limited

Asea Brown Boveri Inc.

Alstom (switzerland) Ltd

Alstom

Abb Management Ag

General Electric Technology Gmbh

Francisco Leonardo Blangetti

Harald Reiss

Mustafa Youssef

Gunter Volks

Peter Baumann

Hartwig Wolf

Harald Gerhard Fuchs

Hans Eberle

Erhard Friedrich Liebig

Vaclav Svoboda

Christian Stucki

Rainer Schlageter

Andreas Kost

Hans Eisenbeis

Alfredo Galvagno

Walter Novak

Marc-Aurel Voth

Werner Muri

Peter Rusche

Stephan Werner Doehler

Vaclan Svoboda

Lucas Borobia

An apparatus for condensing steam is described including at least two chambers with a first chamber operated as co-current flow condensing chamber and a second chamber operated as counter-current flow condensing chamber with the co-current flow condensing chamber including a cooling liquid distribution system with a plurality of channels arranged above a plurality of film carriers having flat surface areas to carry films of cooling liquid.

Direct contact condenser

A deaerating and degassing system for a power plant condenser, comprising a condensate collector and optionally an air cooler, whereby the deaerating and degassing system includes a suction aggregate and a suction line for a steam-inert gas mixture and the suction line connects the condenser or, in case an air cooler is present, the air cooler of the condenser, to the suction aggregate. In the suction line, there is a direct-contact condensation device, for example, a packing column or a tray contact apparatus, through which the steam-inert gas mixture can flow in direct contact in a countercurrent to the chilled condensate from the condensate collector.

Deaerating and degassing system for power plant condensers

A compressor for a gas turbine has, on the surfaces of its components, in particular of its blading, a coating for protecting the surfaces from erosion. The coating has at least two layers or a plurality of pairs of layers formed from amorphous carbon or a plasma polymer, the layers having an inherently high hardness, and the outermost layer of the coating having hydrophobic properties. Furthermore, the hardness of an inner layer of a pair of layers is higher than the hardness of an outer layer. The coating is particularly suitable for the avoidance of drop impingement erosion caused by liquid drops, erosion caused by solid particles, such as ice, and contamination caused by deposition of dust particles and constituents which are dissolved in liquids. The coating prolongs the service life of the components and increases the power of the turbine.

Compressor for gas turbines

The heat transfer surfaces of a condensation heat exchanger are provided with a coating according to the invention which comprises a sequence of layers which includes at least one hard layer which comprises amorphous carbon or a plasma polymer and at least one soft layer which comprises amorphous carbon or a plasma polymer. The hard and soft layers are applied alternately, the first layer on the heat transfer surface being a hard layer and the last layer of the coating being a soft layer. The last, soft layer is distinguished in particular by hydrophobic properties. The layer sequence ensures condensation of drops and, at the same time, protects against drop impingement erosion.

Condensation heat-transfer device

A protective coating is provided for metallic components of power installations which are in direct contact with the water used as a working medium in steam power stations, in particular. The vaporous working medium not only forms an undesirable film of condensate but also contributes to the destruction of the components, due to the impact of drops. The protective coating eliminates these disadvantages. The protective coating has an inhomogeneous structure including at least two layers which are produced from an amorphous material. The layers have different properties which render the components unwettable and resistant to erosion.

Protective coating for metallic components, metallic component having the coating and method of forming the coating

A low-pressure turbine is provided with stationary and rotating blades, and the blades have a coating that is hydrophobic or water-repellant and has a smooth surface. The coating preferably contains amorphous carbon. The hydrophobic property of the coating has the result that small droplets contained in the steam phase, upon impacting a coated blade, roll off across the blade in the form of small droplets and further follow the steam path. This prevents moisture losses and increases the efficiency of the turbine. It also prevents the small droplets on the blades from coalescing into larger droplets or into a fluid film. This prevents droplet impingement erosion caused by the impact of large droplets on the blading and other components of the turbine.

Low-pressure steam turbine

Connected in a water circuit for cooling or heating gaseous fuel in a fuel system for a gas turbine plant is a gas/liquid separation apparatus which serves to separate gases contained in the water from the water, and to detect them. The container of the separation apparatus is split up by a partition into a water entry chamber and a water exit chamber. The incoming water flow is split up in the water entry chamber into an upward-flowing and a downward-flowing water flow. Located above the water is a gas-filled space into which gas bubbles disperse. The upward-flowing water flows over an overflow weir, and the downward-flowing water flows into the water exit chamber through openings in the lower region of the partition. The separation apparatus thus includes a calm, free water level in the water entry chamber, and an irrotational flow from the water exit chamber.

Apparatus and process for gas/liquid separation

A power plant, from which large amounts of process steam are removed and to which large amounts of make-up water are supplied continuously, has a degassing system (,) for the make-up water supplied, which as part of the condensation system is connected to the condenser (,) of the power plant. Bleed pumps (,) are connected to the condenser (,) via a first suction line (,) and to the degassing system (,) via a second suction line (,) and remove a mixture of steam and non-condensable gases from the power plant. A control member (,), such as for example a regulating valve, a regulating diaphragm or a readjustable restrictor, is arranged in at least one of the two lines (,), with the result that the suction capacity in that line and the distribution of the suction capacity to the two lines (,) can be adjusted during operation of the power plant.

Degassing system for power plants

In a process for preheating and deaerating make-up water in a power generation plant by steam, the required make-up water is initially heated up to the saturation temperature without substantial deaeration and is subsequently deaerated. The steam used for heating and deaerating is expanded steam from a condenser, which steam is almost fully condensed during the heating of the make-up water and is recycled to the steam circulation of the power generation plant.

Process and equipment arrangement for the preheating and multistage

In a hydraulic method, tubes (3) of an heat exchanger are rolled in in tube plates (1), and rounded tube inlet pieces are formed from the same tube (3) by means of the same device in the same work operation. For this purpose, the tubes (3) are inserted into the bores (2) of a tube plate (1) and cut off with an excess length. The tube (3) is widened by means of a widening machine over the entire depth of the bore (2), so that the tube (3) adheres to the inner wall of the bore (2). At the same time, the projecting tube end (10) is pressed on the mandrel (4) of the widening machine in the direction of the tube plate (1) by means of a further hydraulic shaping device (11) with a swept-back shape (12) until the tube end (10) achieves a trumpet shape. The advantage of the method resides in shortening the operating time with a device which executes both widening and formation of the tube inlet piece hydraulically. Given that the tube inlet piece is produced from the same tube (3), no seam is produced between the tube (3) and tube inlet piece, thus avoiding a site of faltering flow.

Method and device for producing a tube in a tube plate

Process and apparatus for preheating and deaeration of make-up water

A dephlegmation condenser for binary/polynary condensation of a vapor mixture is arranged upright. It has tubes (4) through which the coolant flows, an inlet connection (1) arranged in the top region of the coolant tubes and intended for the mixture to be condensed, and a collecting space (2) arranged below the coolant tubes (4) and intended for the condensate to be drawn off. The inlet connection (1) and the collecting space (2) are connected to one another via a condenser shell (3) encasing the tubes (4). The coolant is directed in pure counterflow to the mixture in the predominant part of the condensation space. The vapor-side, smooth temperature profile achieved is a consequence of the segregation during the condensation. A mixture which is enriched with the higher-boiling component of the mixture condenses at the start of the condensation section, whereas another mixture which is enriched with the lower-boiling component of the mixture condenses out at the end of the condensation section.

Condenser for binary/polynary condensation

In the case of the method for determining the total mass flow of a gas mixture (2) which flows through a line (1) under pressure, a gas contained in the gas mixture is used as tracer (3). With the aid of pressure measurements (9, 10) of the gas mixture, total pressure and of the tracer partial pressure, the molar proportions of the tracer in the gas mixture are first ascertained. In this case the pressure measurements take place during a first phase, with the line system (1) gas-tight, and in a further phase with the system enriched with tracer. Solving the mass balances for the gas mixture and for the tracer makes it possible, by substituting the already determined tracer molar proportions, to calculate the total mass flow. Tracer enrichment of the gas mixture is carried out at supercritical pressure ratios between the vacuum prevailing in the line and the pressure of the tracer to be fed in by a critical orifice (4) which is built into the line (1) upstream of the pressure measurement locations (9, 10).

Method for determining gas mass flows by use of a tracer gas

A convective countercurrent heat exchanger comprises a nest of pipes (36) which is arranged in a cylindrical shell (35) and is equipped with ribbed pipes (37). The pipes through which a liquid flows are connected to a collector (33, 34). The shell is provided with a gas-inlet connection piece (31) and a gas-outlet connection piece (32). The nest of pipes (36), which is composed of a plurality of layered pipes, is mounted in a rectangular case (40). The pipes are provided in their straight parts (37) with welded-on ribs and are connected to one another by unribbed pipe bends (38). The pipe bends are accommodated in compartments (45) through which flow does not take place. The case (40) through which flow takes place opens on the outlet side (50) in a dome (51) which is delimited by the shell (35). The gas-outlet connection piece (32) is situated in the shell at that end of the annular chamber (44), enclosed by the shell and case, which is remote from the dome (51).

Convective countercurrent heat exchanger

In a boiling water reactor having two extraction systems, one in use and the other held as a backup, a method and apparatus for extracting condenser exhaust gases of the reactor include a preheater for heating condenser gases which are then used for heating a recombiner of the extraction system. Auxiliary steam from the turbine is directed to the preheater for heating the condenser gases. A bypass line bypasses a valve in the auxiliary steam pipeline from the turbine to the preheater. The operating extraction system receives heating steam through the auxiliary pipeline, while the backup extraction system has the valve in the auxiliary steam pipeline closed. The recombiner of the backup extraction system is kept heated by guiding steam through the bypass line to the preheater, where the steam expands and is thereby heated, and directing the expanded steam through a vent line to the recombiner.

Growing community of inventors

Baden, Switzerland

Francisco Leonardo Blangetti