United States of America As Represented by the Secretary of the Air Force

Idaho Research Foundation, Inc.

Other

The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government

Crucible Corporation

Francis H Froes

Daniel Eylon

Charles F Yolton

Russell G Vogt

Baburaj G Eranezhuth

Young-Won Kim

Lev J Levin

Isaac Weiss

Yashwant R Mahajan

Vladimir S Moxson

Gerhard E Welsch

Charles M Ward-Close

Steven J Savage

Orest M Ivasishin

Paul R Smith

Dmitro G Savvakin

Howard B Bomberger, Jr

Leslie S Apgar

Franz J Hehmann

Frederick C Yolton

Erica Robertson

Victor A Drozdenko

Ganapathy Venkataraman

Gerhard E Wesch

Simon D Shong

Keith Prisbrey

Panos Tsakiropoulos

Oleksiy P Yatsenko

Oleg N Senkov

Deepak Upadhyaya

D Simon Shong

Setumadhavan Krishnamurthy

Anatoli M Petrunko

Vadim J Jabotinski

Anatoli E Andreev

Susan D Kirchoff

The cost-effective titanium powder is manufactured by (a) magnesium-thermic reduction of titanium chlorides characterized by the formation of a hollow block of the reaction mass having an open cavity in the center of the block, (b) thermal-vacuum separation of the hollow block from excessive Mg and MgCl at 850-950&deg; C. and residual pressure of 10  mm Hg, (c) cooling of obtained titanium hollow block in a H -contained atmosphere at an excessive hydrogen pressure, (d) crushing the hydrogenated titanium block, (e) grinding the crushed titanium pieces into the powder combined with a hydro-metallurgical treatment of obtained titanium powder in a diluted aqueous solution of at least one chloride selected from magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or titanium chloride, and (f) drying and, optionally dehydrating the titanium powder ground to a predetermined particle size. The formation of the hollow block of the reaction mass with the open cavity in the center of the block is carried out by accelerating the reaction mass on the inside surface of the reactor. The hydro-metallurgical treatment of titanium powder is carried out in the solutions having the total content of chlorides of 0.5-10 wt. %, at the powder-to-solution weight ratio from 1:1 to 1:4. The cooling of the titanium hollow block in the hydrogen-contained atmosphere is carried out to the temperature of 550-450&deg; C. at the excessive hydrogen pressure of 0.2 bar or higher. The productivity of the innovative process is higher, the energy consumption is lessened more than double, the duration of the processing cycle is decreased by 3. The shorter time of high-temperature stages results in significant improvement of titanium powder quality because it prevents the oxidation and nitrogenation of the metal. The powder dispersion is increased caused by porous and poorly sintered structure of the reaction mass. Cooling the block in the presence of hydrogen also increases the powder quality and the yield of fine powder fractions during the hydro-metallurgical treatment.

Manufacture of cost-effective titanium powder from magnesium reduced sponge

Forming metal and metalloid carbides by mechanically inducing a reduction reaction between a metal chloride (or a metalloid chloride) and a metal carbide. The reduction reactions are induced mechanically by milling the reactants. Alloy carbides may also be produced by mechanically inducing the co-reduction of metal chlorides or metalloid chlorides and a metal carbide according to the equation: M chloride&plus;M chloride&plus;M carbide&rarr;M M carbide, where M is a metal or metalloid, M is a metal or metalloid and M is a suitable carbide reducing agent.

Process for making carbides through mechanochemical processing

A set of processes for preparing metal powders, including metal alloy powders, by ambient temperature reduction of a reducible metal compound by a reactive metal or metal hydride through mechanochemical processing. The reduction process includes milling reactants to induce and complete the reduction reaction. The preferred reducing agents include magnesium and calcium hydride powders. A process of pre-milling magnesium as a reducing agent to increase the activity of the magnesium has been established as one part of the invention.

Mechanochemical processing for metals and metal alloys

The low temperature reduction of a metal oxide using mechanochemical processing techniques. The reduction reactions are induced mechanically by milling the reactants. In one embodiment of the invention, titanium oxide TiO.sub.2 is milled with CaH.sub.2 to produce TiH.sub.2. Low temperature heat treating, in the range of 400.degree. C. to 700.degree. C., can be used to remove the hydrogen in the titanium hydride.

Reduction of metal oxides through mechanochemical processing

A process for producing titanium that includes forming gaseous titanium and then transforming the gaseous titanium into solid titanium through condensation. The titanium gas is formed by vaporizing titania with an electron beam in the presence of carbon. The gas-containing vapor is cooled to form a titanium liquid or solid.

Process for making titanium

Composite materials

A method of producing titanium alloy articles having a desired microstructure which comprises the steps of:

Method for producing very fine microstructures in titanium aluminide

A method for refining the microstructure and enhancing the processability of titanium aluminum alloys containing about 45 to 55 atomic percent aluminum which comprises the steps of:

Low temperature hydrogenation of gamma titanium aluminide

An improved process for producing near-alpha and alpha+beta titanium alloy axisymmetric components with high fatigue resistance which comprises the steps of:

Method to produce fatigue resistant axisymmetric titanium alloy

Near-alpha and alpha+beta titanium alloy components are produced by a process which comprises the steps of forging an alloy billet to a desired shape at a temperature at or above the beta-transus temperature of the alloy to provide a forged component, heat treating the forged component at a temperature approximately equal to the beta-transus temperature of the alloy, cooling the component at a rate in excess of air cooling to room temperature, annealing the component at a temperature in the approximate range of 10 to 20% below said beta-transus temperature for about 4 to 36 hours, and air cooling the component to room temperature.

Method for refining the microstructure of beta processed ingot

Processes for producing titanium alloy SPF/DB components, particularly structural panels, are provided. In one embodiment, the process comprises providing rapidly solidified titanium alloy sheetstock, providing a plurality of rapidly solidified titanium alloy ribbons or strips, forming the ribbons into waveform structures, assembling a plurality of these waveform structures to produce a honeycomb core, positioning this core between face sheets, and bonding the core to the face sheets. In another embodiment the process comprises providing rapidly solidified titanium alloy sheetstock, superplastically forming at least one piece of sheetstock into a shaped piece having spaced apart, parallel bonding regions, positioning this shaped piece between two face sheets, and bonding the shaped piece to each face sheet. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the process comprises providing rapidly solidified titanium alloy sheetstock, applying a diffusion bond-inhibiting material in a desired pattern to at least one piece of sheetstock, assembling the sheetstock having the bond-inhibiting pattern thereon with at least one further piece of sheetstock, diffusion bonding this assembly, and superplastically forming the bonded assembly by introducing an inert gas into the region defined by the bond-inhibiting material.

Method to produce superplastically formed titanium alloy components

High temperature hydrogenation of gamma titanium aluminide

A titanium alloy comprising about 15 to 25 atomic percent (a/o) aluminum, about 0.05 to 12 a/o of at least one beta eutectoid stabilizing element and about 4 to 12 a/o of at least one beta isomorphous stabilizing element, balance titanium. The beta eutectoid element is at least one of Cu, Ni, Cr, Er, Y, Ce, Si, B or C. The beta isomorphous stabilizing element is Nb or a mixture of Nb with Ta, Mo or V, wherein the Nb can be replaced by Ta, Mo or V up to about half of the stated quantity. The presently preferred amounts of the beta eutectoid stabilizing elements are as follows: Cu, Ni or Cr, about 4.50 to 12.0 a/o; Si, B or C, about 0.70 to 5.0 a/o; Er, Y or Ce, about 0.05 to 0.25 a/o.

Dispersion strengthened tri-titanium aluminum alloy

A method for producing a titanium alloy powder metallurgy article having high resistance to loading and creep at high temperature is described and comprises the steps of simultaneously pressing a preselected quantity of titanium alloy powder at from 15 to 60 ksi and heating the powder to a temperature just below the beta transus temperature of the alloy to promote beta to alpha phase transformation in the alloy, and then slowly cooling the compacted powder under pressure.

Method for producing alpha titanium alloy pm articles

A titanium alloy comprising about 20 to 30 atomic percent (a/o) aluminum, about 3 to 5 a/o niobium, about 3 to 5 a/o vanadium, and about 3 to 5 a/o molybdenum, balance titanium. The alloy can be dispersion strengthened by the addition of small amounts, i.e. up to about 1 a/o of sulfur or rare earth dispersoids, such as Ce, Er or Y.

Titanium alloys of the Ti.sub.3 Al type

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Xenia, OH, United States of America

Francis H Froes