The B. F. Goodrich Company

Floyd L Ramp

Virgil Percec

Gary S Huvard

Lee Traynor

Lothar F Stiberth

A non-catalytic process converts oligomers of polyarylene polyethers (PAPE) having a mol wt Mn in the range from 1000 to about 10,000 to difunctionalized oligomers so as, in the first instance, to provide a reactive double bond (for example, a vinylbenzyl group) at each end of the PAPE; and, in the second instance to provide a triple bond (benzylethynyl group) at each end of the PAPE. The solubility of intermediate bisphenolates of (i) a dihydric phenol, and of (ii) the PAPE oligomer in particular solvents which allow (a) water of reaction to be removed without being degraded, and (b) essentially complete end-capping of the oligomer chains with vinyl chain ends, are the keys to the novel process. The PAPE most preferably has a repeating unit which is the residuum of two dihydric phenols or thiophenols ('DHP') linked through a C.dbd.O, --S--S--, or --SO.sub.2 - group, or a Si or C atom, and/or ether O, or thioether S atoms. The preferred repeating unit is formed by reaction of a DHP such as bisphenol A (BPA) with a halogenated DHP such as dichlorophenyl sulfone (DCPS) so as to provide an alternating configuration. The repeating unit may also include a linking residue of a reactive solvent which residue provides chain extension in the backbone. An oligomer which is a homopolymer having a repeating unit in which at least four benzenoid rings are connected through ether O atoms, may also be difunctionalized. In particular, .alpha..omega.-di(phenol)aromatic polyether sulfone oligomers ('APS') are esterified so as to have terminal methacrylyl groups; and, etherified so as to have styryl end groups which are thermally crosslinkable.

Non-catalytic process for the preparation of difunctionalized

A method for suppressing the occurrence of aging bloom upon green or uncured rubber objects during the manufacture of rubber structures wherein the green rubber object is either purgued of proton donating substances capable of enhancing the aging bloom properties of the green rubber object or the green rubber object is maintained at a temperature below which any proton donating substances contained within the green rubber object are capable of enhancing the process of aging bloom upon the green rubber object.

Method for suppressing zinc stearate aging bloom

Anionic and cationic exchange materials including membranes are beneficiated by a method involving swelling the ion exchange material in the presence of an electrically neutral Reagent A and then contacting the swollen material with a similarly electrically-neutral Reagent B selected to interact with A forming in situ in the ion exchange pathways of the ion exchange material a chemical substance or substances which ionize the membrane to form bulky multicharge entrapped ions of the same electrical sign as the covalently-bonded ion sites of the membrane material. The entrapped ions are electrostatically retained most tenaciously in the ion exchange channels of the membrane even when extracted with water or solvents and even when the membrane is put under electric stress as when current at high densities pass through the membrane in electrolytic chlorine processes, in dialysis cells, and the like. As compared to existing membranes having a concentration of covalently-bonded ion sites averaging about 0.05 to 0.1 N, beneficiated membranes may be made having a critical electrolyte concentration between about 0.25 and about 10 N. Beneficiated membranes at about 0.5 to 10 N or higher reject ions of the same electric charge at ion concentrations well above those at which the original ion exchange material is effective. Outstanding properties of such beneficiated membranes are very high in transfer rates, low electrical resistivities, very high permselectivities allowing them to function under very high ion concentrations, and high resistance to penetration or fouling by nonionized salts, all without loss of the basic physical and chemical integrity of the original membrane. Beneficiated cation exchange membranes are especially useful in the electrolytic generation of chlorine.

High normality ion exchange membranes containing entrapped

Process electrolyzes hot, concentrated solutions of (1) as an anolyte, an essentially saturated aqueous solution of an alkali metal chloride and (2) as a catholyte, an aqueous solution containing 10 to 75%/wt. of phosphoric acid separated by a special high-normality cation exchange membrane producing anodic chlorine of high purity, cathodic hydrogen also of high purity and in the catholyte an alkali metal phosphate. The process operates at temperatures of 75.degree. to 105.degree. at highest current efficiencies and with low power consumption. With a KCl anolyte, potassium phosphate salts of any desired K:P molar ratio are formed in the catholyte and which are useful in fertilizer and detergent applications. The process requires a cation exchange membrane of normality in the range of 0.2 to 10 N or higher in which a significant proportion of the anion sites may not be covalently-bound to the material of the membrane. Graphite electrodes are especially satisfactory in the process including specifically an anodized graphite anode and a ruthenium metal coated graphite cathode.

Growing community of inventors

Richfield, OH, United States of America

Floyd L Ramp