Baker Hughes Corporation

Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC

Baker Hughes, a Ge Compnay, LLC

Baker Hughes Holdings LLC

Feyzi Inanc

David M Chace

Rafay Zahid Ansari

W Allen Gilchrist

Peng Yuan

W Allen Gilchrist, Jr

Maxim Vasilyev

Toyli Anniyev

Otto N Fanini

Eric Charles Sullivan

Tu Tien Trinh

Yi Liu

Elton Frost, Jr

Loren Patrick Roberts

Sandeep Gade

Margarete M Kopal

Daniel T Georgi

Marc Stephen Ramirez

Xiaomin C Cheng

Steven M Bliven

Allan Jones

Michael W Bruner

Rocco DiFoggio

Gregory Prevost

Douglas J Patterson

Randy Gold

David Alexander Curry

Sushant Dutta

Randy L Evans

Jason R Habernal

Xiaogang Han

Mohamed Daoud

Quming Zhou

Joseph Olaiya

Qiong Zhang

Robbie L Allen

Roger Marsh

Ian Oliver McGlynn

Joseph C Koudelka

Nikolay N Velker

Ezzatollah Esfandiari

Jaehyuk Lee

David Chace

Elizaveta Onegova

Emmannuel David Soans

Andre' Porter

Yonghwee Kim

Rocco Difoggio

Sandeep S Gade

Steven Bliven

A downhole system for evaluating an expansion of a shape memory material (SMM) in a borehole. The SMM expands into an annulus between a work string and an annulus. A pulsed neutron gamma ray tool irradiates the borehole and formation with neutrons and detects gamma rays generated from the borehole in response to the irradiation. A processor receives inelastic gamma ray measurements and capture gamma ray measurements based on irradiating the borehole at a first location within the borehole after the SMM has been expanded into the annulus at the first location, estimates a ratio of a first quantity including at least the inelastic gamma ray measurements to a second quantity including the capture gamma ray measurements, at the location, and evaluates a degree to which the SMM has filled the borehole at the location based on a relation between the ratio measurement and a selected range.

Method and apparatus for evaluating the expansion of shape memory polymer in well completions

A detector to determine flaws in cement and casing associated with a formation using a visual representation of gamma rays received simultaneously through at least two windows that are of different sizes and that are diametrically opposite to each other in a rotating shield including a single scintillating crystal, where the visual representation is to indicate the flaws and includes a background with at least part of a contrast that is suppressed based in part on a gamma contrast range obtained from at least first gamma counts from gamma rays received at a first degree of alignment of the two windows with respect to an azimuth that is associated with the formation and second gamma counts from the gamma rays received at a second degree of alignment of the two windows that is offset from the first degree of alignment.

System and method for a cement and casing flaw detector with multi-sized

A method for identifying a defect within a cement layer of a multi string wellbore includes deploying a gamma scanner into the multistring wellbore, the gamma scanner including at least one source and at least one detector, the at least one source emitting radiation into the multistring wellbore and the at least one detector receiving backscatter radiation. The method also includes obtaining, from the gamma scanner, a count rate associated with at least one region of interest of the multistring wellbore. The method further includes identifying, based at least in part on data acquired from the gamma scanner, a background profile for the multistring wellbore. The method includes removing the background profile from the count rate. The method further includes identifying, within the at least one region of interest, a defect within the cement layer.

System and method for downhole gamma ray inspection behind multistring completions

A method for identifying defects in a multi-barrier wellbore includes receiving log data, the log data corresponding to one or more wellbore operations, the log data including data from at least one measurement modality corresponding to a present measurement modality. The method also includes training, using the log data, a machine learning model. The method further includes acquiring wellbore data, via the present measurement modality, during a logging operation. The method also includes processing at least a portion of the wellbore data using the trained machine learning model. The method includes identifying one or more features of interest in the wellbore data, via the trained machine learning model.

Identification of wellbore defects using machine learning systems

In an embodiment, a method includes receiving a first measurement of gamma rays via a detector during a first period of time, receiving a second measurement of gamma rays via the detector during a second period of time, removing the second measurement from the first measurement to produce an inelastic spectrum, determining a spectral slope from the inelastic spectrum, determining a scaling factor based on the spectral slope, determining a spectral shape associated with the detector, determining a detector-induced spectrum by applying the scaling factor to the spectral shape, and removing the detector-induced spectrum from the inelastic spectrum to produce a clean inelastic spectrum.

Obtaining inelastic spectra free of detector born gamma rays induced by neutrons

A method for obtaining nuclear measurement data includes measuring a burst gate source intensity. The method also includes measuring at least one of burst gate neutron count rate or a capture gate neutron count rate at a neutron detector arranged proximate a gamma ray detector. The method further includes determining, based at least in part on the burst gate source intensity and at least one of the burst gate neutron count rate or the capture gate neutron count rate, a normalized neutron count rate. The method also includes determining at least one of an inelastic spectrum or a capture spectrum. The method includes determining based at least in part on the normalized neutron count rate, at least one of a corrected inelastic spectrum or a corrected capture spectrum.

Systems and methods for determining clean inelastic and capture spectra

A downhole logging tool includes a radiation generation source operable to emit radiation into a formation surrounding the tool and a radiation detector operable to detect backscattered radiation from the formation surrounding the tool. The tool also includes a sleeve positioned around the radiation generation source, the sleeve including at least one aperture for forming a pathway for a radiation beam, emitted from the radiation generation source, to enter the formation, the sleeve being rotatable about an axis of the tool to change a position of the aperture to distinctly inspect different regions of the formation.

System and method for a downhole gamma ray instrument

A downhole logging tool includes a radiation generation source operable to emit radiation into a formation surrounding the tool, a radiation detector fixed relative to the radiation generation source and operable to detect backscattered radiation from the formation surrounding the tool, and a sleeve positioned around the radiation detector to shield the radiation detector from a first portion of the backscattered radiation. The sleeve includes at least one aperture for exposing the radiation detector to a second portion of the backscattered radiation, in which the second portion of the backscattered radiation emanates from an inspected region of the formation facing the at least one aperture. A signal measured at the radiation detector corresponds to the inspected region of the formation, and the position of the at least one aperture is changeable with respect to the formation to distinctly inspect different regions of the formation.

Systems and methods for downhole logging with enhanced sensitivity and azimuthal resolution

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a method that includes activating a neutron generation unit operable to emit neutrons toward a target for a first period of time. The method also includes recording first measurement data, via a detection unit, during the first period of time. The method further includes deactivating the neutron generation unit after the first period of time. The method also includes processing at least a portion of the first measurement data after the first period of time, the first measurement data being correlated to burst gate. The method includes recording second measurement data, via the neutron detection unit, during a second period of time, the second measurement data being correlated to a capture gate.

Inelastic spectrum measurement system and method

Borehole logging methods for estimating a parameter of interest using nuclear radiation. Methods include estimating a water saturation of the formation from gamma radiation from at least the formation detected in the borehole using a radiation detector, the gamma radiation responsive to a pulsed neutron source and resulting from at least one of: (i) decay of nitrogen-16 formed by activation of oxygen-16, and ii) inelastic scattering of neutrons from oxygen. This may include using at least one processor to: obtain a gamma ray count measurement, representing gamma rays from one of: (i) the decay of nitrogen-16 (ii) and the inelastic scattering, and estimate the water saturation using the gamma ray count measurement and a model comprising a relationship between measured gamma ray counts and modeled gamma ray counts from each of a fully water saturated formation and a minimally water saturated formation.

Water saturation determination using an oxygen estimate and formation lithology

Methods and apparatus for estimating parameters of interest of a volume in an earth formation from a response spectrum representing radiation information obtained by a radiation detector in a borehole intersecting the volume responsive to nuclear phenomena in the volume, the response spectrum including spectral distortion resulting i) environmental conditions in the formation, or ii) deterioration of at least one component of the radiation detector. Methods include recovering an enhanced response spectrum estimating the true spectrum, comprising mitigating the spectral distortion by applying at least one contrast sharpening mask to the response spectrum. The at least one contrast sharpening mask may comprise at least a low pass smoothing mask subtracted from a unity mask which when applied to the response spectrum obtains high-frequency data and adds the high-frequency data to the response spectrum. The response spectrum may be a gamma ray spectrum.

Gamma ray spectra contrast sharpening

Estimating parameters of interest of a formation, including density, porosity, and fluid saturation. Methods relate to gamma ray energy spectra calibration for a radiation detector including generating a calibration radiation spectrum using measurements of radiation with the detector in a time interval wherein the radiation comprises predominantly gamma rays emitted by decay of radionuclides produced by neutron activation reactions resulting from neutron irradiation, the time interval following a prior time interval corresponding to thermal neutrons produced from the irradiation; making at least one other radiation measurement with the detector outside the time interval; and producing a calibrated radiation measurement from the at least one other radiation measurement using the calibration radiation spectrum. The measurements may be taken in the time interval by conveying the radiation detector in the borehole at high speed and using a background gate of the detector.

Gamma calibration

Systems, methods, and devices for evaluating an earth formation intersected by a borehole. Apparatus may include at least one radiation detector configured to generate an analog electrical signal responsive to a plurality of radiation events, comprising absorption of incident ionizing radiation at a corresponding energy level, and an ionizing radiation spectrometer configured to convert each analog electrical signal from the at least one radiation detector into a plurality of digital signal pulses corresponding to the radiation events and resolve the plurality of digital signal pulses into radiation count information representative of the radiation events. Spectrometers include an input channel for each detector of the at least one radiation detector comprising an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and configured to convert the analog electrical signal for each detector into the plurality of digital signal pulses; and at least one processor configured to generate the radiation count information.

Digital spectrometer for measuring ironizing radiation downhole

The present disclosure relates to borehole logging methods and apparatuses for estimating formation properties using nuclear radiation, particularly an apparatus and method for estimating amounts of silicon and/or oxygen in the formation. The method may include using nuclear radiation information from at least one nuclear radiation detector to estimate at least one parameter of interest. The method may include separating a gross nuclear radiation count into separate nuclear radiation components. The method may also include reducing an error in the estimated formation properties due to speed variations of a nuclear radiation source that activates the silicon and oxygen in the formation. The apparatus may include at least one nuclear radiation detector. The apparatuses may include an information processing device to perform the methods.

Elemental concentration determination using neutron-induced activation gamma radiation

Borehole logging methods for estimating a parameter of interest using nuclear radiation. Methods include estimating a water saturation of the formation from gamma radiation from at least the formation detected in the borehole using a radiation detector, the gamma radiation responsive to a pulsed neutron source and resulting from at least one of: (i) decay of nitrogen-16 formed by activation of oxygen-16, and ii) inelastic scattering of neutrons from oxygen. This may include using at least one processor to: obtain a gamma ray count measurement, representing gamma rays from one of (i) the decay of nitrogen-16 (ii) and the inelastic scattering, and estimate the water saturation using the gamma ray count measurement and a model comprising a relationship between measured gamma ray counts and modeled gamma ray counts from each of a fully water saturated formation and a minimally water saturated formation.

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Spring, TX, United States of America

Feyzi Inanc