Continental Oil Company

Conoco Inc.

Consolidation Coal Company

The United States of America as Represented by the United States

Everett Gorin

George E Wasson

Frank W Theodore

William A Jasulaitis

Clyde W Zielke

Metro D Kulik

Michael S Lancet

George P Curran

Robert T Struck

Eric H Reichl

James T Clancey

Charles H Rice

Finely divided coal is reacted in a combination of processes comprising flash pyrolysis and fluidized bed gasification of char from the pyrolysis. A portion of the char which is heated by the steam-oxygen gasification provides the heat for the pyrolysis step, which can be controlled to emphasize production of such materials as light olefins and BTX pyrolyzing at lower pressure and more severe temperature, or to emphasize production of a tar, suitable for processing as a synthetic crude oil, by pyrolyzing at higher pressure and less severe temperature. In either instance the fluidized bed gasification produces a useful synthesis gas.

Combined process for coal pyrolysis and char gasification

A process of tar destruction in gasification of carbonaceous material comprising providing a mixture of finely divided calcium compound of a particle size smaller than 65 mesh and finely divided carbonaceous material of a particle size smaller than 65 mesh, the calcium compound to carbonaceous material ratio being from about 0.5 to 1.0 and contacting the mixture with CO.sub.2 and tar exothermally whereby the tar is destroyed.

Process for gasification of carbonaceous material

A method for producing a synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor by feeding a mixture of finely divided silica and at least one finely divided calcium compound selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate to a fluidized bed; operating the fluidized bed at suitable conditions to produce pellets of synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor and recovering the pellets of synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor from the fluidized bed. Optionally, spent synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor can be charged to the fluidized bed to produce regenerated pellets of synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor.

Method for producing and regenerating a synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor

In a process for hydrocracking a heavy aromatic polynuclear carbonaceous feedstock containing reactive alkaline constituents to produce liquid hydrocarbon fuels boiling below about 475.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure by contacting the feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst, thereafter separating a gaseous stream containing hydrogen, at least a portion of the hydrocarbon fuels and acid gases from the molten metal halide and regenerating the molten metal halide, thereby producing a purified molten metal halide stream for recycle to the hydrocracking zone, an improvement comprising; contacting the gaseous acid gas, hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels-containing stream with the feedstock containing reactive alkaline constituents to remove acid gases from the acid gas containing stream. Optionally at least a portion of the hydrocarbon fuels are separated from gaseous stream containing hydrogen, hydrocarbon fuels and acid gases prior to contacting the gaseous stream with the feedstock.

Method for removing acid gases from a gaseous stream

The present invention is an improvement in the known process of making a coking feedstock from non-caking or weakly caking coals for slot-type coke ovens wherein the coal is subjected to solvent extraction; and at least the non-distillable extract in the effluent slurry product, after removal of part or all of the solvent, is mixed with carbonaceous solids to serve as a binder therefor. The improvement resides in the use of fluidizer char (which is produced by the low temperature carbonization of coal in a fluidized bed) as the carbonaceous solids. The fluidizer char is preferably mixed with the coal extract slurry (after removal of solvent) in a liquid state at elevated temperatures under pelletizing and non-carbonizing conditions. The pelletized product, after cooling and crushing, is suitable as part or all of the coking feedstock for coke ovens.

Process for making metallurgical coke using fluidizer char

A method for hydrocracking a heavy polynuclear hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to produce lighter hydrocarbon fuels by contacting the feedstock with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst, the method comprising: mixing the feedstock with a heavy naphtha fraction which has an initial boiling point from about 100.degree. to about 160.degree. C. with a boiling point difference between the initial boiling point and the final boiling point of no more than about 50.degree. C. to produce a mixture; thereafter contacting the mixture with partially spent molten metal halide and hydrogen under temperature and pressure conditions so that the temperature is near the critical temperature of the heavy naphtha fraction; separating at least a portion of the heavy naphtha fraction and lighter hydrocarbon fuels from the partially spent molten metal halide, unreacted feedstock and reaction products; thereafter contacting the partially spent molten metal halide, unreacted feedstock and reaction products with hydrogen and fresh molten metal halide in a hydrocracking zone to produce additional lighter hydrocarbon fuels and separating at least a major portion of the lighter hydrocarbon fuels from the spent molten metal halide.

Method for hydrocracking a heavy polynuclear hydrocarbonaceous feedstock

Process for removal of sulfur dioxide from gases

An improvement is provided in the regeneration system of aqueous regenerative processes for the removal of SO.sub.2 from SO.sub.2 -containing gas streams which have a scrubbing system containing (1) a scrubbing zone through which a recirculating stream of sodium or potassium thiosulfate solution continuously passes as a vehicle for the SO.sub.2 absorbent, sodium or potassium carbonate, under conditions favorable to the formation of sulfite by the reaction of carbonate and SO.sub.2 and (2) a thiosulfate generation zone in which the sulfite is converted by reaction with a sulfide to thiosulfate. The improvement comprises converting, in a regeneration system, the net make of thiosulfate to a mixture of sulfide and carbonate by first converting the thiosulfate to sulfate, then reducing the sulfate to sulfide; and thereafter partially carbonating the sulfide to form a mixture of sulfide and carbonate for return to the scrubbing system.

Removal of sulfur dioxide from flue gas

An improved process for making metallurgical coke is provided as follows. An effluent slurry consisting essentially of coal extract, solvent and undissolved coal is obtained from the liquefaction of coal by solvent extraction. Solvent is removed from the slurry by distillation to produce a bottoms product which contains non-distillable extract, undissolved coal and residual solvent. The bottoms product is flowable at elevated temperatures below its carbonizing temperature and solidifiable at lower temperatures. The bottoms product is blended with sufficient finely divided hot coaly solids (unsuitable per se for making metallurgical coke) in a hot blending zone which is maintained at a temperature above the softening point of the non-distillable coal extract and below the coking temperature thereof to produce a solidifiable product which, in particulate solidified state, serves as part or all of the feedstock to a coking zone to produce coke suitable for use in a blast furnace.

Process for making metallurgical coke

A synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate supported in a refractory carrier matrix of the general formula 3CaO(SiO.sub.2).sub.x (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.1-x wherein x is from about 0 to about 1.0.

Synthetic CO.sub.2 acceptor and gasification process therewith

Hydrogen donor solvent extraction of coal

Hydrogen transfer solvent extraction of coal

Solvent makeup in hydrogen transfer extraction

Solvent makeup in solvent extraction of coal

A method for desulfurizing a gaseous mixture such as flue gas by sequentially contacting the gaseous mixture with an aqueous solution containing ammonium thiosulfate in a first zone; an aqueous solution containing ammonia and ammonium thiosulfate in a second zone; and an aqueous solution containing ammonium thionate or thionic acid in a third zone. The sulfur is optionally recovered as elemental sulfur.

Growing community of inventors

San Rafael, CA, United States of America

Everett Gorin