The Secretary of State for Defence

The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government

The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

University of Strathclyde

The Secretary of State for Defense of Great Britian & Northern Ireland

The Secretary of State of Defence

Ethel Diane Williamson

Richard William Titball

Julie Miller

Nicola Jane Walker

Leslie William James Baillie

Helen Claire Flick-Smith

Helen Lisa Bullifent

James Edward Eyles

Andrew William Topping

Paula Thomson Holden

Mitali Sarkar-Tyson

Timothy Philip Atkins

Michelle Nelson

Sophie Jane Smither

Gareth David Healey

Stephen John Elvin

Craig Roberts

Alice M Bennett

Dean Payne

Emma Louise Waters

Petra C Oyston

Sophie E Leary

Helen L Havard

Petra C F Oyston

Stuart Woods

Riccardo Vincenzo D'Elia

James Hill

Leslie William Baillie

Craig William Roberts

Topping Andrew William

Leslie William Jones Baillie

The invention relates to methods for the preparation of a pharmaceutical-vesicle formulation comprising steps of: preparing and processing vesicle components and a pharmaceutical agent to entrap the pharmaceutical agent in the vesicle and form a pharmaceutical-vesicle formulation, wherein the pharmaceutical-vesicle formulation is reconstituted in a known quantity of the pharmaceutical agent dissolved in a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier to provide a biphasic pharmaceutical-vesicle formulation. The invention also relates to the associated pharmaceutical-vesicle formulations, pharmaceutical kits and uses as a medicament, in particular for the prevention or treatment of infection by bacteria such asand, and viruses such as Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV).

Methods for the preparation of a pharmaceutical-vesicle formulation and associated products and uses

An immunogenic reagent which produces an immune response which is protective against, said reagent comprising one or more polypeptides which together represent up to three domains of the full length Protective Antigen (PA) ofor variants of these, and at least one of said domains comprises domain 1 or domain 4 of PA or a variant thereof. The polypeptides of the immunogenic reagent as well as full length PA are produced by expression from. High yields of polypeptide are obtained using this method. Cells, vectors and nucleic acids used in the method are also described and claimed.

Expression system

An immunogenic agent which comprises a killed strain of, or a combination of components thereof which combination produces a protective immune response in an animal to whom it is administered, and which comprises at least two members selected from the group consisting of (i) a lipopolysaccharide of, (ii) a capsular polysaccharide ofand (iii) a protein ofor an immunogenic variant thereof or an immunogenic fragment of either of these, or a nucleic acid which expresses said protein, immunogenic variant or immunogenic fragment thereof in a host animal; for use in the prevention or treatment of infection byand/or

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Spore coat-associated proteins from members ofgenera, and in particular spore-coat associated protein N (CotN), have utilization as adjuvants in vaccine formulations. The vaccine formulations most likely contain a virulence factor of bacterial origin, which in the case ofgenera is the protective antigen.

Vaccine formulation

The use of (i) an antibody specific forF1-antigen, or a binding fragment thereof, or (ii) an antibody specific forV-antigen, or a binding fragment thereof, or a combination of (i) and (ii), in the production of a medicament for the treatment of infection by. It has been found that such treatments are effective therapies forinfection. In addition, the combination produces a synergistic effect when used prophylactically.

An immunogenic reagent which produces an immune response which is protective againstsaid reagent comprising one or more polypeptides which together represent up to three domains of the full length Protective Antigen (PA) ofor variants of these, and at least one of said domains comprises domain 1 or domain 4 of PA or a variant thereof. The polypeptides of the immunogenic reagent as well as full length PA are produced by expression fromHigh yields of polypeptide are obtained using this method. Cells, vectors and nucleic acids used in the method are also described and claimed.

A recombinant microorganism comprises an asporogenicstrain in which a gene encoding a protease enzyme has been downregulated or inactivated. In particular sigma factorspoIIAC is inactivated such that the strain is asporogenic. These strains are particularly useful as expression vehicles for proteins such as protective antigen (PA) of

The present invention provides proteins for use in vaccines which are capable of inducing protective antibodies directed against epsilon toxin when administered to animals or man and thereby providing prophylaxis or therapy against infection by epsilon toxin. Particularly the present invention provides proteins which are based upon the mature toxin of the epsilon toxin gene, but which have a mutation such that the amino acid at position 106 is different to the wild-type sequence and their use in vaccine compositions.

Clostridium perfringens vaccines

Vaccines for plague

The present invention provides novel peptides and vaccines containing them capable or inducing production of antibodies directed against Clostridium perfringens alph-toxin (CPa) in animals to which the) arc administered and thereby providing pro-phylazis against infection by Clostridium pefringens and/or the alpha-toxin itself. Particularly the present invention provides such a vaccine that is relatively safe and simple to produce. e.g. by genetic engineering means. Preferred peptides comprise theo amino acid sequence of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin from amino acid 247 to 370 but lack the epitopes necessary for phos-pholipase C and/or sphingomyelin hydrolysing activity round between amino acids 1 to 240 of that sequence. Further provided are antisera and antibodies raised to the peptides and vaccines of the present invention, and particularly monoclonal antibodies and hybridoma cell lines for their production.

DNA encoding clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin peptides

Growing community of inventors

Salisbury, United Kingdom

Ethel Diane Williamson