Max-planck-gesellschaft Zur F&#xf6;rderung Der Wissenschaften E. V.

Julius-maximilians-universitaet Wuerzburg

Georg-august-universitat Gottingen Stiftung Offentlichen Rechts, Universitatsmedizin

Zim Plant Technology Gmbh

Julius-maximilians-universitat Wurzburg

Ernst Bamberg

Peter Hegemann

Georg Nagel

Dirk Zimmermann

Ulrich Zimmermann

Robert E Dempski

Willibald Bauer

David Lopez De La Morena

Phillip Wood

Thomas Mager

Markus Westhoff

Sonja Kleinlogel

Randolph Reuss

Phil Wood

Tobias Moser

Christian Bamann

Albert Gessner

The invention relates to mutant light-inducible ion channels having improved properties as compared to the parent channel, nucleic acid constructs encoding same, expression vectors carrying the nucleic acid construct, cells comprising the nucleic acid construct or expression vector, and their respective uses, as well as non-human animals comprising the mutant light-inducible ion channel, the nucleic acid construct or the expression vector as disclosed herein.

Mutant light-inducible ion channel of chrimson

The invention relates to mutant channelrhodopsins having improved properties, nucleic acid constructs encoding same, expression vectors carrying the nucleic acid construct, cells comprising said nucleic acid construct or expression vector, and their respective uses.

Mutant channelrhodopsin 2

A biological photoreceptor, which is a directly light-controlled ion channel, including (i) an apoprotein and (ii) a light-sensitive polyene covalently bound to the apoprotein, the polyene interacting with the apoprotein and functioning as a direct light-sensitive gate.

Use of biological photoreceptors as directly light-activated ion channels

A method of determining a pressure parameter of a plant sample () comprises the steps of subjecting the plant sample () to a clamp pressure (p) created with a clamp device (), measuring at least one pressure response value (p) of the plant sample (), which depends on the clamp pressure (P)/and determining the pressure parameter on the basis of the at least one pressure response value (p), wherein the clamp pressure (p) is adjusted, such that the plant sample () has a viscoelastic pressure response to the clamp pressure (p). Furthermore, an apparatus () for determining a pressure parameter of a plant sample () is described.

Method and device for determining a pressure parameter of a plant sample

Use of a biological photoreceptor as light-controlled ion channel for the alteration of the ion conductivity of a membrane by means of light. The photoreceptor used comprises an apoprotein and a light-sensitive polyene covalently bound to the apoprotein, said polyene interacting with the apoprotein and functioning as a light-sensitive gate.

The invention is directed to a method for altering the ion conductivity of a membrane. The method comprises inserting a biological photoreceptor into the membrane. The biological photoreceptor is configured to act as a light-controlled ion channel. The photoreceptor used comprises an apoprotein and a light-sensitive polyene covalently bound to the apoprotein, wherein the polyene interacts with the apoprotein and functions as a light-sensitive gate.

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Kelkheim, Germany

Ernst Bamberg