Carlo Erba Strumentazione S.p.a.

Helvodont Limited

Ermete Riva

Giorgio Sisti

Pietro Italiano

Sorin Trestianu

Bruno Tosi

Fausto Munari

Giovanni Ostan

Sorin Trestiano

Learco Sala

An apparatus is described, for endodontic treatment, whereby the operations for complete removal of connective, vascular and nervous tissues in the pulp cavity and in the root canals can be automatically carried out by chemical and pharmacological disintegration and by employing suitable enzymatic solutions such as trypsin at various degrees of dilution. The use of positive-displacement pumps guarantees that precise quantities of the chemical substances are used in the stages of emptying, disinfection, washing, drying and final filling of the root canals and of the pulp cavity. Temperature control of the fluids in circulation ensures that reaction times of the chemical substances used can be repeated at each cycle.

Apparatus for endodontic treatment by circulation of enzymatic solutions in the pulp cavity and in the root canals

This invention concerns a chamber for chromatographic analyses, in which capillary columns, in particular columns of fused silica, are thermally conditioned. The chamber comprises a thermally insulated space which can be perfectly sealed towards the outside and which houses means for heating the air and at least a fan for air circulation inside said space. In order to make the air flow going to the column(s) within the chamber as homogeneous and stable as possible from the thermal viewpoint the heating means are positioned on the suction side of the fan or of each fan, so to cause a perfect mixing of cold and hot fluid flow threads or lines in correspondence with the fan itself, and thereby obtain a uniform and stable air current from the fan towards the column.

Chamber for chromatographic analyses

A method for performing porosimetric analyses and apparatus therefor are disclosed. In particular, a method for performing porosimetric anaylses by the so-called mercury method is disclosed, wherein volumetric variations of mercury placed in a vessel are recorded. These variations are due to mercury penetration into the pores of a solid sample placed in the vessel under the mercury pressure variations. In the method disclosed, additional porosimetric information is obtained by reducing the pressure from a maximum value as a predetermined function of time. For example, the pressure reduction can be at a constant rate. Simultaneously, volume variations of the mercury exiting the sample pores are detected as the pressure decreases. This additional detection, when performed in relation to and/or in addition to the traditional measurement during pressure increase, provides a pressure/volume mercury curve which gives further data on the porosimetric characteristics of the sample, in particular related to the shape of the pores in the sample.

Method and equipment to perform porosimetric analyses

An apparatus for controllably and reproducibly introducing, small amounts of a liquid sample into chromatographic systems, especially high resolution gas chromatographic systems with cold injection, thin-layer chromatographic systems and high resolution liquid chromatographic systems, in order to obtain sampling extremely reduced in volume and presenting maximum reliability and reproducibility, uses a sample container having a pipette-like or nozzle-like outlet neck of very small diameter. The liquid placed in the container is submitted to at least one pressure pulse which is controlled in duration and/or amplitude in order to determine emission of a corresponding and controlled quantity of liquid from the outlet neck.

Apparatus for chromatographic sample injection

The invention relates to a mercury porosimeter, of the type in which the quantity of mercury which has penetrated into the pores of the substance to be analyzed is determined by measuring capacity variations in a cylindrical condenser, the inner armature of which consists of the mercury present in the capillary of a penetrometer containing the substance to be analyzed, the penetrometer being housed inside an autoclave. The porosimeter according to the invention is characterized in that the outer armature of the condenser is fixed to the autoclave body, in that the condenser dielectric is formed by the penetrometer capillary and by the oil introduced into the autoclave to transmit pressure variations to mercury, and in that said oil has the same dielectric constant as the glass forming the penetrometer capillary.

Porosimeter with detection by capacity variations

A method and apparatus for controllably and reproducibly introducing small amounts of a liquid sample into chromatographic systems, especially high resolution gas chromatographic systems and thin-layer chromatographic systems, order to obtain sampling extremely reduced in volume and presenting maximum reliability and reproducibility, uses a sample container having a pipette-like or nozzle-like outlet neck of very small diameter. The liquid placed in the container is submitted to at least one pressure pulse which is controlled in time and/or amplitude in order to determine emission of a corresponding and controlled quantity of liquid from the outlet neck. The pressure pulse can be a pneumatic pulse directly applied to the liquid sample in the container, or a mechanical pulse applied to the liquid sample through a device acting by magnetostriction or by a piezoelectric system.

Method and equipment for volumetrically controlled and reproducible

A gas chromatographic chamber in the form of an oven is disclosed, including an outer envelope including insulated walls defining the chromatographic chamber which can be made air tight, an inner housing section within that chamber for housing the chromatographic column, and including an air distributor to maintain the uniform distribution of air within the inner housing section, as well as a heater to heat the air therein, non-thermally insulating partitions within the chamber and spaced from the insulated wall to provide a pneumatically insulated space between the insulated walls and the inner housing section, and a fluid circulator to create the controlled circulation of fluid within the pneumatically insulated space to effect the temperature within the inner housing section.

Gas chromatographic chamber

An apparatus for porosimetric measurements, wherein a sample to be analyzed is put in an ampoule filled with mercury and submitted to ever increasing pressures, in order to obtain measurements of the mercury volume variations due to pressure increases. Such mercury volume variations, which are correlated to the sample pore sizes, are detected by measuring capacity variations in a mercury condenser provided for in a capillary neck of ampoule.

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Merate, Italy

Ermete Riva