Th. Goldschmidt Ag

T. Goldschmidt Ag

Erich Ruf

Joachim Giersberg

Hartmut Gomm

Hans-Gunter Krohm

Gerd Dembinski

Hans Loges

Electrically conductive halide doped tin-IV-oxide is disclosed which contains divalent tin in an amount not exceeding 2% by weight and also contains 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, of halide. Methods for producing the tin-IV-oxide are also disclosed. The product is suitable for imparting electric conductivity in the form of a filler or pigment to a variety of products such as plastics, lacquer, varnish, paint, paper, textiles and toners, without discoloration of the products.

Electrically conductive tin-IV-oxide and method for production thereof

A method is disclosed for the preparation of tetraalkyl-tin wherein tin-tetraacetate is first dispersed in tetrahydrofuran and trialkyl-aluminum is slowly added to the dispersion in an amount sufficient to cause complete reaction. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of &lt;80.degree. C. The reaction mixture is then heated to the reflux temperature of the tetrahydrofuran for about 1 to 2 hours and until complete reaction. The aluminum triacetate is then removed and the tetrahydrofuran is distilled off.

Method for the preparation of tetraalkyl-tin

A method and composition are disclosed for the production of electrically conducting, IR reflecting, fluorine-doped tin oxide layers on surfaces of a glass or ceramic objects or of enamel coatings. The method comprises applying an organic solution of a mixture of alkyltin oxide and trifluoroacetic acid to the surface, which has been heated to 400.degree. to 700.degree. C., wherein trifluoroacetic acid is present in the solution in a substoichiometric amount. The composition useful for carrying out the method comprises an organic solution of alkyltin oxide and trifluoroacetic acid in a substoichiometric amount relative to the alkyltin oxide. Variable doping with fluorine and, with that, optimization of the surface resistance value as well as of the IR reflection become possible by means of the invention.

Electrically conducting, IR reflecting, fluorine-doped tin oxide organic

A method is disclosed for the preparation of anhydrous tin-(IV)-carboxylate. Metallic tin or Sn-(II)-acetate is reacted with an excess of acetic acid anhydride under agitation and at temperatures of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. Oxygen is passed through the reaction mixture or an oxygen yielding agent is added thereto. The tin-(IV)-acetate thus formed, which is useful, per se, is separated from the reaction mixture and further reacted with a carboxylic acid with more than four carbon atoms or an acid anhydride corresponding to said carboxylic acid. The reaction is carried out at temperatures of about 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. and the liberated acetic acid anhydride or acetic acid is removed by distillation under vacuum.

Method for the preparation of anhydrous tin-(IV)-carboxylates

A method is disclosed for the preparation of anhydrous tin-dicarboxylate-dihalide. Anydrous tin-(II)-halide is reacted with an excess amount of acetic acid anhydride at temperatures of about between 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. while passing oxygen through the reaction mixture or adding an oxygen yielding agent such as hydrogen peroxide. The tin-diacetate-dihalide thus formed is separated and is further reacted with aliphatic carboxylic acid having more than 4 carbon atoms or the corresponding acid anhydrides at the temperatures of 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. while the liberated acetic acid anhydride or acetic acid is removed by distillation.

Method for the preparation of anhydrous tin-dicarboxylate-dihalides

A method is disclosed for the production of dialkyl-tin-dichlorides whose alkyl groups have 1 to 22 carbon atoms. Trialkyl-aluminum is slowly added to a solution of tin-diacetate-dichloride and tetrahydrofuran in the mole ratio of about 2:3. The aluminum-triacetate precipitating during the reaction is removed by filtration and the tetrahydrofuran used as solvent is removed by distillation.

Method for the preparation of dialkyl-tin-dichlorides

Method for the production of electrically conducting, IR reflecting,

A liquid preparation for the production of electrically conductive and infrared-reflecting, fluorine-doped tin oxide layers on glass or glass-ceramic surfaces is disclosed. The preparation has a content of tin-IV-chlorides, which optionally comprise organic groups. The preparation contains also tin-II-fluoroborate as the sole doping agent. A preferred preparation comprises

Liquid preparation for the production of electrically conductive and

A liquid preparation for the production of electrically conductive and infrared-reflecting, fluorine-doped tin oxide layers on glass or glass-ceramic surfaces is disclosed. The preparation has a content of tin-IV-chlorides, which optionally comprise organic groups. The preparation contains also tin-II-fluoride as the sole doping agent. A preferred preparation comprises

A liquid preparation for the production of electrically conductive and infrared-reflecting, fluorine-doped tin oxide layers on glass or glass-ceramic surfaces is disclosed. The preparation has a content of tin-IV-chlorides, which optionally comprise organic groups. The preparation is produced by dissolving

Modified polyethylene with an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 is disclosed. The polyethylene has one or more laterally bound group(s) of the formula

Use of modified polyethylene for finishing glass surfaces

Polyethylene with an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 is disclosed having one or several laterally bound group(s) of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent a lower alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R.sup.3 is alkyl or aryl, X is a halogen or sulfate residue and n is 2 or 3. A method for the preparation of the modified polyethylene is also disclosed. The polethylene, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, is applied to glass surfaces, especially the external surface of glass containers. The modified poyethylene is especially suitable for the so-called cold-end finishing of glass. The protective layers obtained have very good smoothness values. The protective layers are resistant to the repeated action of hot aqueous washing liquors and retain their smoothness. The glass containers, provided with the protective layers, may be labelled in the usual manner.

Modified polyethylene, method for its preparation and method for

Polyethylene with an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 is disclosed having one or several laterally bound group(s) of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent a lower alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is a bivalent alkylene residue and n is 2 or 3. A method for the preparation of the modified polyethylene is also disclosed. The polyethylene, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, is applied to glass surfaces, especially the external surface of glass containers. The modified polyethylene is especially suitable for the so-called cold-end finishing of glass. The protective layers are resistant to the repeated action of hot aqueous washing liquors and retain their smoothness. The glass containers, provided with the protective layers, may be labelled in the usual manner.

Aqueous polyethylene dispersions, suitable for improving the surface characteristics of glass, are disclosed. The dispersions contain 40 to 100 percent by weight, based on the polyethylene, of a mixture of

Aqueous polyethylene dispersions, their production and methods for

Polyethylene with an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 is disclosed having one or several laterally bound group(s) of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent a low molecular weight alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is 2 or 3. A method for the preparation of the modified polyethylene is also disclosed. The polyethylene, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, is applied to glass surfaces, especially the external surface of glass containers. The modified polyethylene is especially suitable for the so-called cold-end finishing of glass. The protective layers obtained have very good smoothness values. The protective layers are resistant to the repeated action of hot aqueous washing liquors and retain their smoothness. The glass containers, provided with the protective layers, may be labeled in the usual manner.

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Essen, Germany

Erich Ruf