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L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des

American Air Liquide, Inc.

L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme a Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude

L'air Liquide

Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges

Eric Streicher

Ovidiu Marin

Mahendra L Joshi

Harley A Borders

Randall M German

Pietro Di Zanno

Benjamin Bugeat

Olivier Charon

Pierre Karinthi

Remi Pierre Tsiava

John Frank Foss

Thierry Legiret

Marc Buffenoir

Methods and apparatus for combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion chamber of a furnace or boiler are presented, the combustion normally using only air as an oxidant, part of the air entering the combustion chamber through one or more burners, and a remaining portion of air entering the combustion chamber at a plurality of locations downstream of the burners. The methods comprise injecting oxygen-enriched gas through a plurality of lances into the combustion chamber at a plurality of downstream locations, the oxygen-enriched gas injected at a velocity ranging from subsonic to supersonic, and the oxygen-enriched gas being present in an amount sufficient to provide an oxygen concentration of no more than 2% on a volume basis greater than when air is used alone as oxidant.

High velocity injection of enriched oxygen gas having low amount of oxygen enrichment

A retrofit technology for air-fuel fired, vertical glass furnace for oxygen firing or boosting to provide additional heat to the process to increase furnace production capacity. The additional firing using oxygen is strategically controlled to enable enhanced radiation from oxygen flame for the spheroidizing process without negative effects on the overall process. With proper implementation, an increased production from 50% to 200%, depending on the size of the spheres, can be achieved while maintaining acceptable product quality. Processes in accordance with the present invention can be performed using one of a number of methods of oxygen boosting.

Systems and methods for increasing production of spheroidal glass particles in vertical glass furnaces

An oxy-fuel burner generates a long, luminous, stable and adjustable flame temperature profile flame by incorporating separate, fuel and oxygen jets oriented in a unique geometry. In one preferred embodiment, the fuel is injected horizontally at medium injection velocity (50-200 m/s) while primary oxygen is injected underneath the fuel jet at supersonic velocity (300-500 m/s). The supersonic velocity oxygen jet (20 to 50% required for stoichiometric combustion) entrains fuel and furnaces gases in it's core for the primary flame development over the furnace load. The subsequent mixing of the fuel, primary oxygen and entrained furnace gases establish a low NOx, stable, long and luminous primary flame. The secondary oxidant, preferably air or low purity oxygen (50 to 80% of stoichiometric needs), is injected above the flame using one or more oxygen jets to create an oxy-fuel flame with adjustable flame characteristics. The secondary oxidant completes unfinished combustion of flame gases containing CO, H , CH , soot and HC. The horizontal injection angle for all jets allow delayed mixing and a much longer flame. Due to the massive furnace gas entrainment process, the resulting flame provides adjustability in flame temperature profile as well as lower NOx formation. By changing the fuel, primary oxygen, and secondary oxidant injection velocities, the relative proportion of primary and secondary oxidants, and the relative positions of injectors, a fully adjustable flame is developed.

Oxygen-fuel burner with adjustable flame characteristics

Methods and apparatus for combusting a fuel with an oxidant are described, the apparatus comprising a ceramic burner block, the burner block having a back face and a front face. The burner block has at least one oxidant cavity in an upper portion of the burner block, and at least one fuel cavity in a lower portion of the burner block, each cavity extending from the back face to the front face. The at least one oxidant cavity has positioned therein a fuel supply conduit, the fuel supply conduit having a fuel supply conduit exit positioned a sufficient distance from the front face to allow combustion of at least a portion of fuel exiting the fuel supply conduit exit with at least some of the oxidant traversing the oxidant cavity, and the least one fuel cavity having connected thereto, near the back face, an oxidant conduit, thereby allowing mixing of a minor portion of the oxidant with the fuel.

Methods and apparatus for combustion in high volatiles environments

Method and apparatus for injecting liquid oxygen

A process for thermal debinding and sintering of a workpiece made by molding a mixture of a binder and a powder, the process entailing the steps of injection molding a workpiece entailing at least 30% vol. of binder, the binder containing from about 70% to about 90% wt. of at least one wax and from about 10% to 30% wt. of high molecular weight polymer, introducing the molded workpiece in an enclosure at ambient temperature, injecting an atmosphere of at least 95% vol. hydrogen and less than 5% vol. water vapor, heating the enclosure and/or the workpiece until reaching a temperature between about 150.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., maintaining the temperature during a period of time sufficient to substantially decompose all the waxes in the binder, then heating again the enclosure and/or the workpiece to reach a temperature of about 700.degree. C. while substantially eliminating the rest of the binder, maintaining the temperature until the workpiece is substantially sintered, cooling the enclosure and the workpiece to reach a temperature where no substantial oxidation can occur, then withdrawing the workpiece from the enclosure.

Process for thermal debinding and sintering of a workpiece

A process for controlling the carbon content in a metallic piece molded by injection or other process comprising,

Process for controlling carbon content of injection molding steels

A process is provided for preparing carbon-containing substantially oxide-free iron powders or iron-based powders or both wherein oxygen impurities from an iron powder are removed without substantial decarburization, by heating the iron powder or iron-based powders or both under a substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere from ambient temperatures to a first intermediate temperature in an enclosure, then replacing the substantially pure hydrogen atmosphere by a substantially pure nitrogen atmosphere in the enclosure and then heating the powder to a second temperature which is higher that the first intermediate temperature, then cooling down the powder under an inert atmosphere to at least a temperature where substantially no more oxidation of the powder occurs, then removing the powder from the enclosure, the first and second temperatures being sufficient to reduce substantially all oxide impurities in the powder without substantial decarburization.

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Viroflay, France

Eric Streicher