Bayer Aktiengesellschaft

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Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft

Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh

Erhard Herrmann

Klaus Schubert

Wilhelm Bier

Gerd Linder

Thomas Menzel

Bernd Koglin

Georg Wiessmeier

Bernd Thone

Christine Maul

Bernd Krumbach

Lothar Weismantel

Bernd Klinksiek

Roland Rupp

Wolfgang Fennemann

Harald Sauer

Gernot Becker

Konrad Fischer

Andreas Flink

Werner Weisweiler

Bernd K&uuml;hn

Maximillian Fichtner

Gerhard Schmidt

J&uuml;rgen Klein

Method for the in situ formulation of a medicinal substance solution for parenteral administration, in which at least two metered part-streams are continuously combined with the aid of a mixer to an active ingredient-containing total volumetric flow, characterized in that the resulting medicinal substance solution is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, and in that the resulting total volumetric flow after mixing is 0.2 ml/h to 500 ml/h, preferably 5 ml/h to 500 ml/h, an apparatus for carrying out the method, and an active ingredient administration kit which contains the apparatus.

Method and device for in-situ formulation of a medicinal solution for parenteral application

In the process for the continuous dispersion of at least one fluid A constituting the disperse phase and at least one continuous phase constituting the enclosing phase of a fluid B, at least one fluid stream A and at least one fluid stream B are fed into a dispersion apparatus and come into contact therein in a dispersion chamber. To this end, a microstructure dispersion apparatus (,) is used in which the fluid streams A, B are broken up into spatially separate, flowing fluid filaments by a system of microchannels (,) associated therewith, which filaments are discharged into the dispersion chamber (,) at identical flow velocities for the particular fluid in such a manner that on discharge into the dispersion chamber (,) a fluid jet (,) of the disperse phase is in each case immediately adjacent to a fluid jet (,) of the continuous phase and in each case a fluid jet (,) of the disperse phase is enclosed as it is broken up into particles in the adjacent fluid jets (,) of the continuous phase.

Method of producing dispersions and carrying out of chemical reactions in the disperse phase

A method and a device for producing a dispersed mixture from at least two phases. To do this, the first and the second phase are subdivided into split streams so that the split streams from the first phase are located on a first flat layer and the split streams from the second phase are located on a second flat layer, the split streams of the first phase inside the flat layer being fed onto the split streams of the second phase at an angle in order to bring about a dispersion and mixing process, wherein the flat layers are directly arranged on top of each other, and parallel to each other. The device consists of at least one base unit containing two foils into which a parallel assembly of grooves is inserted on one side of each foil. Both foils are configured in the base unit such that the sides of the foils fitted with grooves lie on top of each other and form an angle with each other.

Method and device for producing a dispersed mixture via crossing partial flows

In the reaction process, at least two educts A, B are divided by a system, assigned to each of them, of slit-like microchannels,into spatially separate fluid lamellae, which then emerge into a common mixing and reaction space,. The fluid lamellae here have a thickness <1,000 &mgr;m, preferably <100 &mgr;m, at a width thickness ratio of at least 10. It is essential here that educts A, B can emerge as thin fluid lamellae,into the mixing/reaction space,, each fluid lamella,of an educt A being led into the mixing/reaction space,in the immediate vicinity of a fluid lamella,of another educt B. The adjacent fluid lamellae,then subsequently mix by diffusion and/or turbulence. As a result, the mixing operation is accelerated substantially compared with conventional reactors. In the case of rapid chemical reactions, the formation of undesirable by-products or secondary products is largely prevented in this manner.

Process for carrying out chemical reactions using a microlaminar mixer

A microstructures lamellae mixer comprising a guide component for supplying fluids to be mixed to a mixing chamber, the guide component being composed of a plurality of foils which are layered one above the other and into which microchannels are incorporated such that separate fluids supplied to the guide component are formed into spatially separated microstreams which then emerge adjacent to each other in a mixing chamber.

Device for carrying out chemical reactions using a microlaminar mixer

A process for rapidly mixing phosgene and an amine in the gas phase to produce the corresponding isocyanate. Micro-structure mixers are used for the rapid mixing. The educts emerge from the micro-structure mixer in the form of thin free jets which mix very rapidly by diffusion and/or turbulence. As a result, the mixing operation is accelerated substantially as compared with conventional reactors. The isocyanate yield is also increased.

Process for the phosgenation of amines in the gas phase using microstructure mixers

In a static micromixer a flow guide structure consisting of a stack of foils provided with passages formed into alternate foils so as to extend between a mixing chamber at one end of the flow guide structure and different admission chambers at the opposite end of the flow guide structure, the passages are curved so that they are all parallel at their exit ends adjacent the mixing chamber and, at their entrance ends, the flow guide structure has face areas which are inclined with respect to the exit end face of the flow guide structure at such an angle that the curved passages have all about the same length.

Static micromixer

At least one absorbent is added to the exhaust gas, which is passed at temperatures in the range from about 40.degree. to 500.degree. through a fluidized bed reactor and through dedusting means. Part of the solids separated in the dedusting means is recycled to the fluidized bed reactor. At least part of the recycled solids is blown with an entraining gas upwardly through a tube into the lower portion of the reactor. At least part of the combustion exhaust gas is fed to the reactor as a rising stream from a space which surrounds the tube. Air or combustion exhaust gas may be used, e.g., as an entraining gas.

Process for removing pollutants from combustion exhaust gases

The process of removing dust, sulfur compounds and nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gases, comprising mixing a combustion exhaust gas with ammonia; feeding Ca(OH).sub.2 and FeSO.sub.4 to a fluidized bed reactor containing mixed solids including fly ash, iron sulfates and calcium compounds, especially Ca(OH).sub.2, CaCO.sub.3, CaO, CaSO.sub.4 and CaSO.sub.3 ; supplying an ammonia-containing exhaust gas mixture to the fluidized bed reactor as a fluidizing gas; operating the fluidized bed reactor at a temperature between 300.degree. and 450.degree. C. to form a reacted exhaust gas; supplying the reacted exhaust gas to a multistage electrostatic precipitator having a first stage and additional stages; recycling solids collected in the first stage to the fluidized bed reactor; and recycling one portion of additional solids collected in the additional stages to the fluidized bed reactor and discharging another portion of the additional solids.

Process and apparatus for removing dust, sulfur compounds and nitrogen

Growing community of inventors

Leverkusen, Germany

Erhard Herrmann