Nortel Networks Corporation

Rockstar Consortium US LP

Rockstar Bidco, LP

Emre Gunduzhan

Peter J Ashwood-Smith

Routers in a communications network mark packets of a multi-priority stream to establish a drop precedence of the packets during network congestion. For each packet received, a router employs one of two types of packet-marking mechanisms to associate low drop precedence with a high-priority, out-of-profile packet. One type, called 'token bucket with loan bucket,' uses a token bucket to determine whether a packet is in conformance, i.e., in-profile, with a traffic profile and at least one loan bucket to determine whether a high priority, out-of-profile packet may borrow bandwidth. Another mechanism type, called 'token bucket with color-exchange queue,' uses a color-exchange queue to delay packet forwarding for a fixed period. During this delay, a high-drop-precedence marking of an out-of-profile, high-priority packet may be exchanged with a low-drop-precedence marking of an in-profile, low-priority packet. The packet-marking mechanisms are useful in improving the quality of video viewing.

Elastic traffic marking for multi-priority packet streams in a communications network

A method resolves collisions in a networking system that includes a plurality of entities operable to transmit an intention to reserve a resource. A first request to reserve resources, which includes a listing of the resources along the first transmission path and a first intention priority value, is broadcast through the networking system. The first intention priority value is determined as a function of other intention priority values previously broadcast through the networking system. A second request is received. The second request includes a second intention priority value and at least one of the same resources included in the first request, thereby indicating a collision. The collision is resolved by comparing the first intention priority value to the second intention priority value. If the collision is resolved in favor of the first request, data is routed through the networking system using the resources along the first transmission path.

Age biased distributed collision resolution without clocks

A method and apparatus for generating a new audio segment that is based upon a given audio segment of an audio signal first locates a set of consecutive audio segments in the audio signal. The located set of audio segments precede the given audio signal and have a formant. The formant then is removed from the set of audio signals to produce a set of residue segments having a pitch. The pitch and set of residue segments then are processed to produce a new set of residue segments. Once produced, the formant of the consecutive audio segments is added to the new set of residue segments to produce the new audio segment. The audio signal includes a plurality of audio segments.

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Bethesda, MD, United States of America

Emre Gunduzhan