Leland Stanford Junior University

Emilio A Nanni

Matthew A Franzi

Mark A Kemp

Andrew A Haase

Erik N Jongewaard

A piezoelectric dipole transmitter is provided that includes a piezoelectric element, an insulating support disposed at a midpoint of said piezoelectric element, or along the piezoelectric element, an external capacitance driver, and an external modulation capacitance disposed proximal to a first end of the piezoelectric element, where the driver capacitance is driven by a signal appropriate to excite a length-extensional acoustic mode of the piezoelectric element, where the piezoelectric element resonates at a piezoelectric element resonance frequency to radiate energy as an electric dipole.

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Redwood City, CA, United States of America

Emilio A Nanni