Bethlehem Steel Corporation

Emerson D Spengler

Charles W Schaeffer

An inexpensive method to make a punch for piercing or forming metal includes cutting a piece from a bar or rod, applying a phosphate and lubricant coating to the piece, extruding one end of the piece into a polygonal shape, annealing the piece, press or machine relieving the piece, machining the end of the piece having the polygonal shape and heat treating the piece to the proper hardness.

Method of making metal forming punches

A load indicator washer in the form of a parallelogram includes flat bearing surfaces on one of its faces, the bearing surfaces extend inwardly from two opposite ends of the washer, a slightly arcuate portion extends between and connects the bearing surfaces, a hole to receive a fastener extends through the washer at about the midpoint of the washer, and a conical portion symmetrically positioned about the hole, terminating short of the ends of the washer, and extending outwardly from the arcuate portion. The arcuate portion and the conical portion act as springs, deflect under a load, and thereby indicate such load. The load indicator washer is particularly adapted for use with a mine roof bolt.

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Lebanon, PA, United States of America

Emerson D Spengler