The General Hospital Corporation

Other

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Harvard College

Boston University

Emad N Eskandar

Alik S Widge

Darin D Dougherty

James Joseph Cohen

Emery Neal Brown

Uri Tzvi Eden

Sridevi V Sarma

John S Pezaris

David A Borton

Meng-Chen Lo

Nicole Provenza

Xinyi Deng

Thilo Deckersbach

Ali Yousefi

Kristen Ellard

Angelique Paulk

R Clay Reid

Ishita Basu

Ziv Williams

A wearable respiratory isolation system is configured as an open collar to be worn loosely around the neck of the user, with an articulating arm positioning a mouthpiece in front of the mouth and nasal region of the user. The system provides filtered and sterilized air through a inhalation vent on the mouthpiece which creates a curtain of sterilized air in front of the users face, which protects the users face from air bourne pathogens provides sterile air for the user to inhale. Exhaled air is extracted through an exhalation vent on the mouthpiece, is decontaminated and exhausted to the rear of the user. A modified, background oriented Schlieren imaging technique is used to determine whether the user is inhaling or exhaling, and this information is used to control the flow of sterilized air and the capture of exhaled gases.

Wearable, maskless respiratory isolation device

Low power MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) radiation is used to non-invasively record molecular activity in a biological object such as a brain. Low power MASER radiation is also used to neuromodulate molecular targets via Rabi coupling, resulting for example in conformational and function change in specific molecular targets such as ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, G-proteins, or dopamine receptors. The method can be used to change the energy state of targeted molecules via energization or enervation, or to ablate targeted molecules.

Acquisition of interferometric recordings of brain and neuron activity by coherent microwave probe with therapeutic activation, inactivation, or ablation of molecular, neuronal or brain targets

A MASER (Microwave Amplified Stimulated Emission of Radiation) emitter is fabricated of thin film components, including a thin film of nitrogen-implanted, epitaxial crystal diamond. The MASER elements can also include a controllable Q-switching layer and be arranged in a thin panel, phased array to generate a single beam of coherent, mode-locked, continuous wave MASER radiation.

Thin film maser emitter and thin panel phased array of emitters

A phased-array MASER detector for synthetic aperture interferometric three-dimensional imaging. The detector elements, for example 10-10zero bias Schottky detector diodes with sufficient sensitivity to reliably detect various values of MASER radiation, are arranged in layers offset in three dimensions. The phased-array MASER detector is particularly useful for detecting characteristics in a biological object using low energy (2-10 Watts), coherent MASER radiation. MASER intensity data of an interferometric pattern is collected by the detector array, is deconvolved, and is used to generate three-dimensional energy activity maps for a given time slice or on a time-shifting basis.

Phased-array MASER detector for synthetic aperture interferometric imaging

In accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, mechanisms (which can, for example, include systems, methods, and media) for detecting an effortful mental state providing real-time deep brain stimulation to enhance performance of effortful mental tasks are provided. In some embodiments, system for detecting and facilitating effortful mental states is provided, the system comprising: monitoring sensors to capture neural activity from a subject's brain; an implanted stimulator to provide electrical stimulation to the subject's brain; a hardware processor programmed to: correlate activity in a first and second region of the subject brain during task performance; correlate activity in the first and second regions during task non performance; train a support vector machine (SVM) using the correlations as first and second class examples; and provide stimulation to augment brain function when the SVM indicates, based on activity in the first and second regions, the subject is in the mental state.

Systems, methods and media for detecting and facilitating an effortful mental task by providing real-time deep brain stimulation

A method of using deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treating mental disorders associated with high connectivity in brain circuits, such as cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits, is provided. The method comprises providing a first electrical signal having a first frequency to a first electrode implanted at a first location within a brain circuit and providing a second electrical signal having a second frequency to a second electrode implanted at a second location within the brain circuit. The first frequency and the second frequency are unequal.

Systems and methods for treating mental and neurological disorders involving abnormally high brain connectivity

A system and methods for monitoring and controlling a mental state of a subject are provided. In some aspects, a method includes receiving physiological and behavioral data acquired using the plurality of sensors while the subject is performing a task, and applying, using the data, a state-space framework to determine a plurality of decoder parameters correlating brain activity and behavior with a mental state of the subject. The method also includes identifying the mental state of the subject using the decoder parameters, and generating a report indicating the mental state of the subject. In some aspects, the method further includes generating, based on the identified mental state, a brain stimulation to treat a brain condition of the subject.

System and methods for monitoring and improving cognitive flexibility

Systems and methods for controlling brain activity are provided. In some aspects, a method for controlling a synchrony in brain activity of a subject is provided. The method includes positioning stimulators to stimulate a first region and a second region of a subject's brain, and selecting a pulsed stimulation sequence comprising a first stimulation to the first region and a second stimulation to the second region, wherein the stimulations are timed to be substantially concurrent and separated by a phase lag. The method also includes delivering the pulsed stimulation sequence, using the stimulators, to control a synchrony between the first region and the second region at a predetermined frequency.

Systems and methods for controlling brain activity

A system and method for diagnosing mental or emotional disorders is disclosed. An affective BCI component is incorporated into a closed loop, symptom&#x2014;responsive psychiatric DBS system. A series of input data related to a brain of the patient is acquired while the patient performs a battery of behavioral tasks. From the patient's performance on the task battery, the system identifies what is abnormal for that individual patient in terms of functional domains. Patient-specific behavioral measurements are then linked to patterns of activation and de-activation across different brain regions, identifying specific structures that are the source of the patient's individual impairment.

Method for cross-diagnostic identification and treatment of neurologic features underpinning mental and emotional disorders

A DBS system and method for predicting future neurological activity in a subject and administering a corrective electrical stimulation signal to prevent anticipated pathological neuronal activity. The DBS system includes an implantable electrode configured to both record neuronal activity from a target brain area in a subject and administer the corrective electric stimulation signal to the target area. The DBS system also includes a controller configured to determine the characteristics of the corrective electrical stimulation signal based on point process models of healthy and pathological neuronal activity in the target area.

System and method for dynamically configurable deep brain stimulation

A visual prosthesis and methods of allowing a subject to view visual information from an artificial source are provided. The visual prosthesis has one or more electrodes operative to deliver electrical signals to a lateral geniculate nucleus of a mammal, a power supply operative to provide power to the electrodes, a visual information translator operatively connected to the electrode array, and a visual sensor operatively connected to the visual information translator. The visual prosthesis is operative to translate visual information into an electrical signal and transmit the electrical signal to electrodes to stimulate brain activity to recognize visual information.

Visual prosthesis and methods of creating visual perceptions

The invention relates, in part, to methods of administering electrical or magnetic brain stimulation to increase learning rate.

Growing community of inventors

Nahant, MA, United States of America

Emad N Eskandar