University System of Maryland

Santa Fe Science & Technology, Inc.

Technoskin, LLC

Elisabeth Smela

Benjamin R Mattes

Wen Lu

Guido Zuccarello

Benjamin Shapiro

Samuel H Moseley

Phillip N Adams

Mario G Urdaneta

Remi Delille

Philip N Adams

Xuezheng Wang

Mark W Tilden

Pamela Ann Abshire

Structures are provided that include electroactive polymers. According to these structures, the electroactive materials have enhanced conductivity in a first direction. Also, the structures include either pores or inclusions. These pores or inclusions are non-parallel to the first direction. In addition, methods for forming structures that include electroactive polymers that have enhanced conductivity in a first direction are provided. These methods allow for pores and/or inclusions to be formed in the electroactive polymers.

Structures and methods for increasing the speed of electroactive polymers

Methods and compositions for the reliable detection of chemical stimuli using a 'nose-on-a-chip' are presented. The invention uses cells sensitive to chemical stimuli and detects and processes the signals given by the cells upon contact with chemical stimuli.

Cell-based sensing: biological transduction of chemical stimuli to electrical signals (nose-on-a-chip)

An electrically conductive, compliant elastomer material that is impregnated with a metal is formed by combining a metal salt with an elastomer precursor material to form a metal salt/precursor mixture, curing the metal salt/precursor mixture to form an elastomer impregnated with metal salt, and treating the elastomer impregnated with metal salt with a chemical reducing composition so as to convert at least a portion of the metal salt impregnated within the elastomer to a metal. The elastomer can be subjected to a suitable solvent that swells the elastomer during the chemical reduction of the metal salt to metal, which enhances the mechanical and electrical properties of the resultant metal impregnated elastomer material.

Electrically conductive metal impregnated elastomer materials and methods of forming electrically conductive metal impregnated elastomer materials

An actuator cell includes a supply chamber containing fluid, and an expansion chamber for receiving fluid from the supply chamber, and being expandable to deform a predetermined area of the actuator cell. The actuator cell further includes a channel providing a fluid flow passage between the supply and expansion chambers, and a compliant material substantially surrounding the supply chamber, the expansion chamber and/or the channel. An electric circuit applies an electric field adjacent the supply and expansion chambers, and thereby causes fluid flow from the supply to the expansion chamber.

Electrically driven microfluidic pumping for actuation

A linear electrochemical actuator is described where at least one electrically conductive (between 400 and 1000 S/cm), doped polyaniline solid fiber or a yarn produced from such fibers is disposed in an electrolyte inside of a electrically conductive polyaniline hollow fiber, thereby allowing 2-electrode operation without a metal backing. This is an example of the electrochemical devices of the present invention having a solid-in-hollow polymer fiber configuration. In a propylene carbonate electrolyte, the electrochemical and actuation behavior of the fibers was found to be influenced by the solubility and size of the polymer dopants. That is, solubility of the dopant in the electrolyte resulted in high electroactivity and strain in the fibers. Actuation of fibers was also affected by electrolyte anions, small anions resulting in anion-exchange dominated actuation, while large anions resulted in cation-exchange dominated actuation. Isotonic strains of 0.9% and isometric stresses of 0.9 MPa were realized for the solid-in-hollow polyaniline fiber actuators.

Solid-in-hollow polymer fiber electrochemical devices

The present invention includes the preparation of highly conducting conjugated polymers and their use as electrochemical actuators, A typical electrochemical actuator comprises a highly conducting, conjugated polymer for the anode or the cathode, or for both the anode and the cathode; suitable conjugate polymers have a conductivity &#x2267;100 S/cm. The material may have any form, including films and fibers. A preferred shape is a strip or a fiber, where the fiber can be solid or hollow, although any shape may be used. Before use, the material may be treated, for example, by immersion in an acid, in order to dope/protonate the material or to introduce anions or to exchange the anion in the polymer for another anion. Other materials may be incorporated in the polyaniline to increase its conductivity or to provide other benefits, such as increased strength. Useful conducting polymers include monomers of anilines, pyrroles, thiophenes, phenylene vinylenes, and derivatives thereof.

Electrochemical devices incorporating high-conductivity conjugated polymers

A conjugated polymer actuator having attached electrodes is described wherein direct electrical stimulation induces changes in the dimensions and mechanical properties thereof without the need for electrolytes or counter electrodes.

Conjugated polymer actuator responsive to electrical stimulation

A position/movement sensitive effect-emitting strain gauge device includes a responsive portion, such as an electrically conductive fabric, that can be stretched or relaxed and that changes an electrical property, such as resistance, when stretched or relaxed. The changeable electrical property of the responsive portion is detected by a regulating circuit, which sends a signal that depends on the detected electrical property to an effect-emitting component. The effect may be sound or light emission or the like. The shape of the responsive portion can be such as to allow it to fit over a body part, e.g., a tube shape would allow it to fit over an elbow. When worn, the electrical property of the responsive portion, and therefore the emitted effect, depends on the user's positions/movements.

Growing community of inventors

Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

Elisabeth Smela