Shell Oil Comapny

Edwin A Richardson

Ronald F Scheuerman

Scott Lee Wellington

David R Davies

Charles C Templeton

David C Berkshire

James H Lybarger

Jeffrey F Simmons

Walter B Fair, Jr

Jimmie B Lawson

Joseph Reisberg

Randolph H Knapp

William A McLaughlin

Evan H Street, Jr

Marinus Van Zanten

Richard A Hinson

John A Herce

Adrianus M Hagelaars

A back scrubbing device for use in the shower including a scrubber assembly and a fixing assembly. The scrubber assembly includes a scrubber having protruding elements protruding thereof. The protruding elements are brushes. The scrubber curves outward. The scrubber is used to scrub the back of a user when the user scratches against the scrubber. The fixing assembly includes fasteners. The scrubber is removable attached to a shower wall through the fasteners. The fasteners are suction cups attached to a rear portion of the scrubber.

Back scrubbing device for use in the shower

Drift or residual oil saturation within a reservoir around a wellbore is determined by injection of a water-soluble tracer and then producing from the well. This injection is performed twice. The first injection is immediately followed by production in order to create a baseline. The second injection is followed by a soak period, and then production. Production of the tracers is compared to determine drift or residual oil saturation within the reservoir.

Method to determine drift and residual oil saturation

A method is provided for troubleshooting gas-lift wells, to identify whether gas-lift valves on the production tubing are open or closed, without the use of wireline tools. The method may also be used to detect leaks in the production tubing or in the well casing. A quantity of a tracer gas is injected into the lift-gas at the wellhead, and its return in fluid produced from the well is monitored as a function of time. The tracer's return pattern may be correlated with the depth of entry points and volumes of lift-gas entering along the length of the production tubing.

Method for troubleshooting gas-lift wells

A method is provided for troubleshooting gas-lift wells, to identify whether gas-lift valves on the production tubing are open or closed, without the use of wireline tools. The method may also be used to detect leaks in the production tubing or in the well casing. A quantity of a tracer gas is injected into the lift-gas at the wellhead, and its return in fluid produced from the well is monitored as a function of time. The tracer's return pattern may be correlated with the depth of entry points and volumes of lift-gas, entering along the length of the production tubing.

Residual oil saturation is determined by injecting an aqueous solution containing a carbonate salt, an acid-generating material and a radioactive material which are each selectively water soluble, displacing the solution with an aqueous solution devoid of the reactants and tracer, and, after CO.sub.2 has formed within the reservoir, producing aqueous fluid from the reservoir and utilizing radioactive analysis to measure the chromatographic separation between the radioactive material and the CO.sub.2.

Determining residual oil saturation using carbon 14 labeled carbon

The oil saturation within a subterranean reservoir is determined by injecting water containing dissolved reactants which are substantially oil-insoluble and which convert the injected solution into a tracer-containing solution in which there is at least one each of oil and water tracers, with the oil tracers being gaseous, and chromatographically analyzing the patterns of the concentrations of the tracers within fluid produced from the reservoir for determining the oil saturation.

Measuring oil saturation with gaseous oil tracers

Residual oil saturation is determined by injecting water containing CO.sub.2, a base-generating material and at least one radioactively labeled material which is or becomes a selectively water-soluble tracer material mixed with the injected CO.sub.2, so that the arrival of the oil and water-partitioning tracer material is demarked by a decrease in CO.sub.2 concentration and the arrival of at least one of tracer material detected by a radioactivity analysis.

Determining residual oil saturation by radioactively analyzing injected

Residual oil saturation is determined by injecting water containing or contacting dissolved halocarboxylic acid salt and carbonate salt into an oil and water containing reservoir and chromatographically analyzing the patterns of the concentrations of in situ generated CO.sub.2 and water soluble acid salt in fluid produced from the reservoir.

Determining residual oil saturation by injecting salts of carbonic and

Residual oil saturation is determined by injecting water containing dissolved CO.sub.2 and subsequently active base generating reactant into an oil and water containing reservoir and chromatographically analyzing the patterns of the concentrations of in situ reaction-depleted CO.sub.2 and reaction-increased bicarbonate salt in fluid produced from the reservoir.

Determining residual oil saturation by injecting CO.sub.2 and base

Materials in and around a well are acidized with chemically heated, hot acid by injecting a solution of both nitrogen and heat generating reactants and a mixture of weak acid and weak acid salt that both buffers the relation and provides a weak acid acidizing solution.

Acidizing with chemically heated weak acid

A well which is producing slowly by artificial lift can be economically heated by first inflowing a nitrogen-generating solution, to form a pool of reacting liquid near the uppermost opening into the reservoir, then inflowing more solution while artificially-lifting liquid from near the lowermost opening into the reservoir at a rate substantially equalling the inflow rate.

Thermally stimulating mechanically-lifted well production

The volume change of a hydraulic cement slurry can be measured by measuring the amount of pressurized gas which flows into or out of the volume initially occupied by the slurry during the setting of the cement, for example, where the slurry is one formed by dissolving in the slurry mix water a correlated amount of gas-forming reactants having a delayed rate of reaction such that the gas production occurs mainly at the time the volume of the slurry mix water is being reduced to a low value during the setting and hardening of the cement.

Process for measuring the volume change of a nitrogen-gas-stabilized

A testing apparatus is provided for measuring changes in the bulk volume and gas permeability of a cement slurry, such as one formed by dissolving in the slurry mix water a correlated amount of gas-forming reactants having a delayed rate of reaction such that the gas production occurs mainly at the time the volume of the slurry mix water is being reduced to a low value during the setting and hardening of the cement.

Apparatus for testing a nitrogen-gas-stabilized cement

Sand grains coated with a solid non-cured epoxy resin with a softening point above 35.degree. C. are placed in a well for gravel pack, well repair or fracturing purposes. The epoxy resin softens at formation temperature and reacts with a hardener (such as a tertiary amine) diluted in water present in the pore space of the mass of sand grains. A consolidated mass of sand grains is thus obtained. The coated sand grains can be transported to the well site and stored over long periods at relatively high temperatures without risk of quality decrease.

Growing community of inventors

Houston, TX, United States of America

Edwin A Richardson