Albright & Wilson Limited

Novo Nordisk A/s

Edward T Messenger

Douglas E Mather

Brian J Akred

William John Nicholson

Brinley M Phillips

William P Haslop

Boyd William Grover

Michael Blezard

Jill Elizabeth Newton

Richard Malcolm Clapperton

Michael John Williams

John Hawkins

Stewart Alexander Warburton

John M Allonby

John Reginald Goulding

Ian Foster Guthrie

Mads Lykke

Bryn M Phillips

Philip Chadwick

The use of a stabiliser comprising a hydrophilic polymeric chain of more than four hydrophilic monomer groups and/or having a mass greater than 300 amu, linked at one end to a hydrocarbon-soluble hydrophobic group to reduce or prevent the flocculation of systems comprising a flocculable surfactant and a liquid medium which is capable of flocculating the surfactant and in which the stabiliser is capable of existing as a micellar solution at a concentration of at least 1% by weight.

Aqueous based surfactant compositions

Aqueous structured surfactants, e.g., lamellar, or preferably spherulitic systems optionally containing suspended solids are used as functional fluids, such as drilling fluids, cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, construction muds and lubricants. A composition consisting essentially of: water; a surfactant or mixture of surfactants present in a concentration sufficient to form a mobile spherulitic or dispersed lamellar phase in the absence of an electrolyte; and a substantially water insoluble functional material, suspended in the composition, the composition being substantially free from electrolyte.

Functional fluids and liquid cleaning compositions and suspending media

Method for preparing stabilized enzyme dispersion

Pourable, fluid, non sedimenting, laundry detergent composition, comprising water, surfactant, builder, a surfactant desolubilizing electrolyte and, optionally, the usual minor ingredients, consist essentially of: at least one predominantly aqueous liguid phase which is separable into a distinct layer by centrifuging the composition at 800 times normal earth gravity at 25.degree. C. for 17 hours, and which contains at least part of the electrolyte and less than 75% by weight, preferalby less than 10% by weight, of the surfactant, and one or more other phases which together contain at least part of the builder as solid particles dispersed in the composition and at least part of the surfactant, preferably either as a network of solid surfactant hydrate, or as a 'G' phase liquid crystal which may be associated with an 'L' phase, micellar solution.

Non-sedimenting liquid detergent compositions resistant to shear

Liquid detergent compositions suitable for laundry use consist essentially of water, Electrolyte, Active Ingredient and preferably a Builder. They comprise a space-filling, floc-like aggregate of surfactant containing spherulites, substantially cocontinuous with an aqueous liquid micellar solution. They are shear thinning, mobile, stable to shear stress, storage under extreme climatic conditions and high pH.

Liquid detergent compositions

Surfactant mixtures are prepared in a fluid 'G' phase of more than 50% concentration, the mixtures comprise different surfactant products selected respectively from at least two of the following classes, that is to say alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, olefin sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkyl ether sulphosuccinates, alkyl sulphosuccinamates, paraffin sulphonates, fatty carboxylates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl phenol sulphates, alkyl phenyl ether sulphates, alkyl phenyl ether sulphonates, fatty ester sulphonates, fatty acid sulphonates, acyl sarcosinates and acyl taurides.

Concentrated aqueous surfactant compositions

Pourable, fluid, non sedimenting, laundry detergent composition, comprising water, surfactant, builder, a surfactant desolubilizing electrolyte and, optionally, the usual minor ingredients, consist essentially of: at least one predominantly aqueous liquid phase which is separable into a distinct layer by centrifuging the composition at 800 times normal earth gravity at 25.degree. C. for 17 hours, and which contains at least part of the electrolyte and less than 75% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of the surfactant, and one or more other phases which together contain at least part of the builder as solid particles dispersed in the composition and at least part of the surfactant, preferably either as a network of solid surfactant hydrate, or as a 'G' phase liquid crystal which may be associated with an 'L' phase, micellar solution.

Spherulitic liquid detergent composition

Pourable, fluid, non sedimenting, laundry detergent composition, comprising water, surfactant, builder, a surfactant desolubilizing electrolyte and, optionally, the usual minor ingredients, consist essentially of : at least one predominantly aqueous liquid phase which is separable into a distinct layer by centrifuging the composition at 800 times normal earth gravity at 25.degree. C. for 17 hours, and which contains at least part of the electrolyte and less than 75% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of the surfactant, and one or more other phases which together contain at least part of the builder as solid particles dispersed in the composition and at least part of the surfactant, preferably either as a network of solid surfactant hydrate, or as a 'G' phase liquid crystal which may be associated with an 'L' phase, micellar solution.

Pourable non-sedimenting aqueous based detergent composition having an

Aqueous surfactant mixtures comprising a first amphoteric surfactant and at least one non-ionic surfactant and/or at least one amphoteric surfactant non-homologous with the first amphoteric surfactant, are obtained at a concentration substantially higher than previously obtainable by preparing them in the presence of sufficient water to form a 'G' phase.

Mixtures of amphoteric and anionic surfactants are obtained as concentrated aqueous systems in the G phase.

Alkyl sulphates are prepared in a high concentration by mixing together an alkyl sulphuric acid and ammonium or an amine in the presence of sufficient water to maintain the product in the G phase above the minimum concentration at which gel formation is encountered.

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Workington, United Kingdom

Edward T Messenger