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The United States of America As Represented by the Director, National

Edward R Burke

Isaak D Mayergoyz

Romel D Gomez

Amr A Adly

The present invention discloses a method of measuring magnetic fields on magnetically recorded media. The method entails replacing the metal tip typically used with a scanning tunneling microscope with a flexible thin-film nickel of iron magnetic probe. The present invention describes a mathematical equation that relates probe position to magnetic field strength. In order to establish a tunneling current between the magnetic probe and the magnetically recorded media, any protective layer on the magnetically recorded media is removed. The magnetic probe and the magnetically recorded media may be coated with at least three-hundred angstroms of gold in order to reduce spurious probe deflections due to oxide growths on either the magnetic probe or the magnetically recorded media. The scanning tunneling microscope is designed to maintain a constant tunneling current between the probe and the item being scanned. The present invention uses the scanning tunneling microscope to scan the recording tracks of magnetically recorded media. Any change in the magnetic field of the magnetically recorded media will cause a change in the tunneling current. The microscope will change the position of the probe in order to maintain a constant tunneling current. These changes in position are recorded as an image. A mathematical equation that relates probe position to magnetic field strength is then used to extract the magnetic fields of the magnetically recorded media from the recorded image of probe positions.

Method of measuring magnetic fields on magnetically recorded media using

A hand tool convertible for chopping and splitting comprises a head including a blade end with a cutting edge, an eye hole extending in an axial direction through the head for receiving a handle, a pair of opposing major side faces extending from the cutting edge around and past the eye hole, and a recess extending into at least one of the pair of side faces, and a wedge element removably received in the recess. In the preferred embodiments the wedge element is asymmetrically positioned with respect to any other wedge elements that may be attached to the head and is generally non-movably mounted to the head by a stud portion received in a recess in the head.

Hand tools convertible for chopping and splitting

An axe head, for splitting wood is disclosed. The outside surface of the axe head has a convex shape, while the upper portion of the inside surface has a concave shape. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the entire inside surface of the axe head, has a concave shape. The combination of the convex and concave outer and inside surfaces of the axe head enhance the axe's ability to split wood.

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Glen Mills, PA, United States of America

Edward R Burke