Institut Francais Du Pe'trole

Societe Francaise Des Produits Pour Catalyse

Edouard Freund

Andre Sugier

Philippe Courty

Jean-Francois Le Page

Christian Marcilly

Jean Miquel

Jean-Pierre Franck

Hubert Ajot

Pierre Grandvallet

Pierre Dufresne

Francis Raatz

Daniel Durand

Emmanuel Behar

Paul Bourgmayer

On-line test and analysis equipment equivalent for establishing a material balance of a chemical reaction comprising: a reactor; an injection system for a charge having a certain flow and composition, connected to the reactor; instrumentation for measuring the flow and composition of the charge; a heater to heat the reactor so as to provide a gaseous effluent; first analysis instrumentation to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of effluents contained in sampling valves; expansion device for the effluents; second analysis instrumentation for expanded effluent; an instrument to measure the volume of the effluents connected to the outlet of the first analysis means; and instrumentation connected to the instrumentation for measuring the flow and composition of the charge, to the instrument for measuring the volume, and to the first and second analysis instrumentation, the processing instrumentation being capable of determining a material balance from the measurements of flow and composition of the charge and the analysis of the charge, and from the analysis of the effluents.

On-line test and analysis process and equipment making it possible to

An analysis process is provided for the determination of a complete material balance of a chemical reaction, especially useful in the studies of catalyst activity. A complete material balance is obtained by determining the output flow from a reactor at the temperature and pressure conditions of the chemical reaction. The reactor output flow is determined by first analyzing the effluent volume composition at the temperature and pressure conditions of the reaction. Subsequently, the effluent is expanded and the volume composition and flow rate of the expanded effluent are measured. From these measurements and the volume composition at the reactor output, the output flow from the reactor is determined. A strict material balance is then possible by comparing the input flow rate and volume composition to the output volume composition and flow rate, thereby establishing a complete material balance at the reaction temperature and pressure. The process is suitable for testing the catalytic activity of even small amounts of catalysts independent on the catalyst shape. Moreover, the process provides a high degree of reproducibility through the automation of temperature control and the analysis of volume compositions and flow rates.

On-line test and analysis process to establish a material balance of a

A method is provided for transporting in a duct a fluid comprising gas and water, and being under conditions where at least one hydrate is formed, the hydrates being formed from said gas and said water, wherein, before or during the formation of the hydrate or hydrates, an additive is injected into said fluid for reducing the tendency to agglomeration of the hydrate so as to obtain one or more hydrates in dispersed form, and said fluid is transported containing said hydrate or hydrates in dispersed form.

Method of transporting a hydrate forming fluid

Process for manufacturing a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols by reacting carbon oxides with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing simultaneously copper, cobalt, aluminum and at least one alkali or alkaline-earth metal A selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, in respective atomic ratios of Cu/Co=0.1-5, Al/co=0.7-4, A metals/Co=0.05-3.5, the proportion by weight of each metal to the total metals weight being respectively: copper: 10-65%, cobalt: 5-50%, aluminum: 5-40%, metal A: 0.1-15%, the homogeneity of the catalyst being such that the atomic ratio cobalt/aluminum does not vary by more than 15% with respect to its average value, on a scale of 5 nanometers.

Process for manufacturing a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols from

A new catalyst with a highly dealuminated mordenite base, useful in particular in hydrotreatment processes for improving the low temperature properties and the pour point and cloud point of oil cuts contains:

Dewaxing process employing a catalyst with a highly dealuminated

Process for manufacturing a constituent for motor car gasoline from a synthesis gas containing essentially carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising producing methanol and its higher homologs by treatment of said synthesis gas in a first catalytic reaction zone at 230.degree.-350.degree. C., cooling and condensing the effluent therefrom, separating from the liquid condensate a gas fraction, treating the latter at 240.degree.-300.degree. C. in a second catalytic reaction zone to produce a liquid methanol fraction and admixing said methanol fraction with said liquid condensate to form said gasoline constituent.

Production of alcohols from synthesis gases

Process for manufacturing alcohols by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing from 20 to 60% of copper, from 5 to 50% of cobalt, from 5 to 30% of a metal selected from chromium, iron, vanadium and manganese, from 5 to 40% of a rare earth metal, from 0.1 to 5% of an alkali or earth-alkali metal and, optionally, zinc and/or a noble metal from group VIII and/or a binder selected from alumina, magnesia and cements.

Process for manufacturing alcohols and more particularly saturated

Catalyst for producing hydrogen by reaction of carbon monoxide with water or for producing methanol by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen, containing by weight 10-60% of copper oxide, 5-40% of zinc oxide, 1-20% of a rare earth metal oxide, 30-70% of aluminous cement and optionally 0.01-1% of a noble metal from group VIII.

Catalyst containing a noble metal of the VIIIth group, copper oxide,

A fresh charge containing aromatic hydrocarbons is hydrotreated in admixture with a recycle fraction, in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst, a portion of the effluent is subjected to steam-cracking, thereby recovering a gas oil fraction which is subjected to hydrogenation and forms said recycle fraction. The mixture of recycle fraction and charge is advantageously treated with hydrogen in the presence of a monofunctional catalyst to hydrogenate olefins, at a lower temperature than the hydrotreatment, and then passed to the hydrotreatment zone.

Process for the steam-cracking of heavy feedstocks

The present process has for object the manufacture of olefinic hydrocarbons with respectively 2 and 3 carbon atoms per molecule. This object is attained by treating a charge selected from such cuts as light or heavy naphthas, kerosenes and light gas oils of distillation point lower than 360.degree. C. The cut is subjected to hydrogenolysis and the resulting C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 hydrocarbons are fed to a steam-cracking plant, while the C.sub.4.sup.+ hydrocarbons are subjected to further hydrogenolysis.

Process for manufacturing olefinic hydrocarbons with respectively two

Catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide in the presence of water, to produce hydrogen, or in the presence of hydrogen, to produce methanol, said catalyst containing 10 - 60% by weight of copper oxide, 5 - 40% by weight of zinc oxide and 30 - 70% by weight of aluminous cement, the total content of copper oxide and zinc oxide being from 30 to 70% by weight.

Catalyst containing copper oxide and zinc oxide, its manufacture and its

Alcohols, particularly linear saturated primary alcohols, are manufactured from CO and H.sub.2 in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least 4 essential elements, copper, cobalt, a third metal selected from chromium, iron, vanadium and manganese, and at least one alkali metal. A preferred method for manufacturing the catalyst is also described; it comprises the use of a complexant, such as citric acid.

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Rueil Malmaison, France

Edouard Freund